2023
DOI: 10.1080/02103702.2023.2234247
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Entrepreneurial leadership of academic managers in cram schools under double reduction policy in China: conceptualizing competencies and resilience (El liderazgo emprendedor de los gestores académicos en los centros de apoyo al estudio ante una política de reducción doble en China: conceptualización de las competencias y la resiliencia)

Percy-Lai-Yin Kwok,
William-Wei-Lin Wang

Abstract: Leadership issues in shadow education are under-researched in national, regional and international contexts. In China, local and central governments have imposed stringent control on academic K9 paid tutorial lessons, provided by cram schools under the new double reduction policy (DRP). Many large-scale cram schools have undergone drastic changes in their organizational structure, marketing strategies and the working environment under the COVID-19 attack and DRP. This study aims to conceptualize how their acad… Show more

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Cited by 1 publication
(6 citation statements)
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“…It provides a comprehensive overview of international research on shadow education in the last three decades, introducing the main ideas behind the concept of shadow education and outlining the development of the field for the readers of JSED (Bray, 2023). The following four articles provide new empirical evidence on central issues within this special issue's thematic focus, from the perspectives of four Asian societies: South Korea (Byun et al, 2023), Mainland China (Kwok & Wang, 2023), Hong Kong (Tsaloukidis & Kobakhidze, 2023) and India (Bhorkar, 2023). Following this Introduction, readers will find our Prospectives article ('Understanding private supplementary tutoring: metaphors, diversities and agendas for shadow education research'; Bray, 2023).…”
Section: Structure and Content Of The Special Issuementioning
confidence: 99%
See 4 more Smart Citations
“…It provides a comprehensive overview of international research on shadow education in the last three decades, introducing the main ideas behind the concept of shadow education and outlining the development of the field for the readers of JSED (Bray, 2023). The following four articles provide new empirical evidence on central issues within this special issue's thematic focus, from the perspectives of four Asian societies: South Korea (Byun et al, 2023), Mainland China (Kwok & Wang, 2023), Hong Kong (Tsaloukidis & Kobakhidze, 2023) and India (Bhorkar, 2023). Following this Introduction, readers will find our Prospectives article ('Understanding private supplementary tutoring: metaphors, diversities and agendas for shadow education research'; Bray, 2023).…”
Section: Structure and Content Of The Special Issuementioning
confidence: 99%
“…In their conceptualization, the different kinds of competence are connected to managers' resilience to make changes to different extent through adaptability, sustainability, cohesiveness and socio-economic sensitivity. Their model provides an innovate way to analyse how entrepreneurs in the tutoring industry exercise their leadership and lead their administrative and teaching staff under the restriction of the double reduction policy in China (Kwok & Wang, 2023).…”
Section: Structure and Content Of The Special Issuementioning
confidence: 99%
See 3 more Smart Citations