“…Researchers have been studying the impact of EE programs on the precursors of the EI of students for several years (Fayolle, Gailly, Lassas-Clerc, & Lassas-Clerc, 2006;Rae & Woodier-Harris, 2013;Rauch & Hulsink, 2015;Sánchez, 2011;Souitaris, Zerbinati, & Al-Laham, 2007). In addition, there is growing evidence in the literature that the university's ESS can motivate students to consider an entrepreneurial career (Bazan et al, 2019;Krueger & Carsrud, 1993;Lee & Wong, 2004;Trivedi, 2016Trivedi, , 2017Tubbs & Ekeberg, 1991). The university's ESS comprises its entire entrepreneurial ecosystem, i.e., support mechanisms such as intellectual property protection, technology transfer, start-up business couching, and business incubation services, all of which are necessary for entrepreneurial activity (Audretsch, 2014;Etzkowitz, 2003Etzkowitz, , 2014Kraaijenbrink, Bos, & Groen, 2010;McGowan, van der Sijde, & Kirby, 2008;Tijssen, 2006;Urbano & Guerrero, 2013).…”