Entrepreneurial intention among female university students: examining the moderating role of entrepreneurial education

Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: the role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education

“…Furthermore, the present study also conceptualized the moderating role of gender, citing that there have been several studies assessing the role of gender in determining entrepreneurial intention and career choice in self-employment (Verheul et al, 2012). It is empirically proven that there exists a difference across gender demographically when it comes to the measurement of behavioral attitude and self-efficacy toward entrepreneurial intention (Veciana et al, 2005;Anwar et al, 2020a;Delmar and Davidsson, 2000). Some researchers have affirmed that males have greater inclination toward entrepreneurship than their counterpart females and report higher behavioral attitude toward entrepreneurial intention (Rodr ıguez and Santos, 2008;Delmar and Davidsson, 2000;Ventura and Quero, 2013); therefore, it would be interesting to know whether gender plays any significant moderating role in determining the influence of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial intention.…”

“…Some studies have found that it positively affects entrepreneurial intention (Anwar et al, 2020a, b;Peterman and Kennedy, 2003;Thomas et al, 2014), while some have found its negative effect (Oosterbeek et al, 2010). Furthermore, Anwar et al (2020a) also found entrepreneurship education positively moderating the relationship between self-efficacy and intention but hardly there any studies testifying whether entrepreneurship education moderates the relationship between opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial intention; therefore, examining the moderating effect of education will be of vital importance to know "how entrepreneurship education enhances/reduces the effect of opportunity recognition on entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students?" Opportunity recognition includes an individual's ability to recognize, discover or construct patterns and concepts (Hunter, 2013).…”

“…self-efficacy (Rank #20/54). Despite many support programs rolled out by the present Indian government recently, Indians fail to form entrepreneurial intention Bosma and Kelley, 2019;Shukla et al, 2019;Anwar et al, 2020a).…”

Entrepreneurial Intention before and during COVID-19—A Case Study on Portuguese University Students

“…As the theme gained relevance in academic circles, the number and importance of studies that link entrepreneurship with entrepreneurial intentions also grew. To evince these intentions, we can consider the contributions of Anwar, et al [38], who mentioned that this is about a person's predisposition to establish his own company or the ability that a person demonstrates to become an entrepreneur in the coming years. The importance of this indicator is echoed in studies that demonstrate that entrepreneurial intentions are strongly related to entrepreneurial behavior, as shown in the longitudinal study of Kautonen, et al [39].…”

“…Thus, certain items of analysis were considered to be relevant in the determination of these entrepreneurial intentions, these include: personality traits; psychological traits; social, economic, political, environmental, or demographic contexts; family background factor; parents' employment status; and occupational status. Several studies relate this issue to the effective implementation of entrepreneurial practices [38,44,[50][51][52][53][54]. It is possible to identify the prevalence of a combination of internal factors, such as personality traits, behavioral attitude, self-efficacy, etc., with external factors such as social norms, behavioral models, perceived opportunities, or other contextual factors, such as economic and environmental factors [38,53,54].…”