“…Iran, as a developing country, has undertaken various initiatives since 2005, such as setting up incubators, building an entrepreneurship college and teaching entrepreneurship concepts at universities, building business accelerators, science and technology parks, venture capital firms and other development activities. It has attempted to develop its own entrepreneurial ecosystem (Davari and Najmabadi, 2018; Salamzadeh and Kawamorita Kesim, 2017). Since 2007, the first startups have emerged in the field of information technology in Iran (Salamzadeh and Kawamorita Kesim, 2017) and over the years, tourism, health, education, smart cities, blockchain and many more have emerged in other fields (Rezaei et al , 2017).…”