Entre o legal e o extralegal: a reatualização da remoção de favelas no Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

O presente trabalho é parte da pesquisa de doutorado sobre o que tenho chamado de reatualização da remoção de favelas no Rio de Janeiro. Nesta pesquisa, acompanho diversas experiências de remoção conduzidas pela prefeitura. Concentro a minha análise, neste artigo, naqueles processos de remoção que estão ocorrendo devido às intervenções urbanísticas que visam preparar a cidade para a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e as Olimpíadas de 2016. Argumento que, em situações de remoção, a relação entre os aparatos estatais e os moradores de favelas se constitui por meio da exceção. As práticas estatais nestes territórios não poderiam ser entendidas em termos de lei e transgressão, mas como práticas que se encontrariam simultaneamente dentro e fora da lei. Palavras-chave: favelas; remoção; lei; exceção. Abstract: This paper presents part of the research for my doctoral thesis about the process that I call recapitulating the slums removal in Rio de Janeiro. In this research, I followed several removal conducted by the city government. I concentrate the analysis in the removals processes that are occurring due to urban interventions that aim to prepare the city for the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics. I argue that in situations of displacement, the relationship between the state apparatus and the slum dwellers is constituted by exception. The state practices in these areas could not be understood in terms of law and transgression, but as practices that are simultaneously inside and outside the law. Keywords: slums removal; law; exception.

Subjective and symbolic disputes in the fight for the right to the city: Actions of the collective Stop Despejos for resistance of the 6 de Maio neighbourhood in Lisbon

“…We also addressed the particularities of gentrification and eviction processes, which in the context of urban changes, are associated with a specific eviction methodology used by municipal administrations in different contexts and countries. Different states reproduce similar violent and basic procedures, as was identified in the field research in Rio de Janeiro, 2015, and in Lisbon, 2018and 2019 The similarity between the so-called biopolitical eviction strategies (Magalhães 2013) in both cities studied justified the replication of the resistance strategies used in Vila Autódromo (Rio de Janeiro) in 2015 and 2016, in 6 de Maio (Amadora) in 2018 and 2019. The Memory Workshops were oriented towards working on subjective aspects of memory and social history.…”

“…Over the years, studies of displacement, eviction and gentrification processes triggered by urban reforms have led to an understanding of the strategies used by public administrations to clear popular neighbourhoods. Alex Magalhães (2013) shows that cutting off public electricity and water supply, as well as use of personal threats, lies and seeding doubt with residents make up the repertoire of "biopolitical eviction strategies", explaining that these tactics penetrate various aspects of life, in addition to legal issues and house negotiation policies. The forms of action of municipal administrations involve resources that transcend the legal and economic spheres of negotiation, permeating aspects of life, and can thus be defined as "biopolitical" tactics according to the meaning used by Foucault (1999Foucault ( , 2006.…”

Rent Gaps, Gentrification and the ‘Two Circuits’ of Latin American Urban Economies

“…Indeed, as Harvey was penning this article, changes were underway in Rio that would dramatically intensify pressures towards the mass displacement of centrally located favela residents in the years that followed. The city's hosting of the 2016 Olympic Games and other mega‐events provided an investment boom for developers and construction companies, as well as a political alibi for the city government to wield powers of eminent domain (Richmond & Garmany 2016; Magalhães 2019). According to Rio's Municipal Housing Secretariat ( SMH ), just over 22,000 families (some 77,000 people) were removed from favelas by the city government between 2009 and 2015 (Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro 2015).…”

Olympic and post-olympic slum: demographic and real estate market dynamics at the Vidigal slum

“…In addition, the public security crisis in Rio de Janeiro, the change of command of the local drug traffic, the end of sporting mega-events and the brazilian politicaleconomic crisis, which intensifies mainly in the post-2015 period, are some of the factors that have contributed to what we consider to be a (re)organization of socioeconomic and spatial transformation processes that began in the four-year period following the local pacification. (2) Magalhães (2012) shows how the "Rio host city" period is marked by a reconstruction of removalist discourses and practices in a strategy to relegitimize the slums removal as a practice and as a political program by the municipal government. Azevedo and Faulhaber (2015, p. 36) show that, from January 2009 to December 2013, more than 20 thousand families were removed from their homes, which would correspond to about 67 thousand people.…”