Entre o aborto e a pesquisa: o embrião na imprensa Brasileira

Abstract

ResumoO Brasil aprovou a pesquisa com embriões em 2005 após inúmeros debates na esfera pública. Entretanto, a polêmica sobre a manipulação do embrião continua no centro de uma agenda social, suscitando controvérsias que pertencem a sistemas vastos de valores e pensamentos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a construção social do objeto embrião humano via comunicação social à luz da teoria das representações sociais. Foram analisados com ajuda do software ALCESTE, 447 artigos publicados em 2005 em dois jornais brasileiros: Folha de São Paulo e Folha de Pernambuco. As diferentes tomadas de posição parecem se ancorar em um campo de representações ligado à questão do direito à vida. Os dados não indicam diferenças de abordagem entre as duas publicações. Palavras-chave: Embrião; representações sociais; mídiaAbstract After many debates in the public sphere, in 2005 Brazil approved embryo research. However, the polemic on the handling of the embryo remains in the center of a social agenda and causes controversies anchored in vast systems of values and thoughts. This work aims to analyze the social construction of the embryo object via social communication in the light of the theory of the social representations. 447 articles published in two Brazilian newspapers published in 2005 were analyzed by the software ALCESTE. The various standpoints seem to be anchored in a field of representations related to the question of the right to life. The data do not show a difference in approach between the two publications.

Social Representations of the Environment in Press Media

“…Some studies on social representations have sought to identify the influence of the means of mass communication in the forming of the social representations of different social objects (Aléssio, Apostolidis, & Santos, 2008;Corrêa, Gontijo, Assis, Carrieri, & Melo, 2007;Porto, 2009;Teo, 2010). Such studies emphasize the importance which mainstream media exercises in the formation of the social representations of a wide variety of social objects, among which one finds the environment.…”

Discursos sobre o aborto na epidemia de Zika: análise da cobertura dos jornais O Globo e Folha de S.Paulo

“…In order to obtain more elements for our analysis and its contextualization, we must consider other moments of discussion about abortion in the media. For comparison purposes, we will refer to three other studies which addressed the Brazilian media coverage of abortion, in the context of three different debates: legal abortion in SUS, in the late 1990s 30 ; embryonic stem-cell research and decriminalization of abortion, in 2005 31 ; and abortion in cases of anencephaly, in 2012 32 . Though these studies asked different questions, employed different methods than ours and, at times, focused on other newspapers and magazines, we believe that they provide data which, when added to ours, help to paint a picture, even if not definitive, of the coverage of abortion in the Brazilian press.…”

“…When we examine the argumentative disputes in the media coverage of abortion in other moments (Box 2), we realize that much of what has already been said on the subject reappears in the coverage we have analyzed. For example, in the previous coverage of abortion, we observe the mobilization of arguments centered on the defense of life 30,31,32 , which often reduced the discussion to the (mis) understanding over what life is and when it begins, instigating a reductionist view of the complex issue of abortion. In the press coverage of the proposal of allowing abortion in cases of Zika infection, we verified that this discourse was once again made present, especially in the statements from religious sources and "pro-life" groups, but also in the voices of lawyers and legal scholars.…”