Entrapment of distilled palmarosa (cymbopogon martinii) wastes in alginate beads for adsorptive removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution

Abstract

This study described a preparation of a low‐cost adsorbent by entrapment of palmarosa distillation wastes into alginate as supporting matrix and use of it for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data of adsorbent confirms the entrapment for formation of composite beads. The effects of adsorption parameters (adsorbent dose, temperature, initial dye concentration, and pH) were investigated. Time to reach the equilibrium was dependent on dye concentration and it was 120 min for lower concentration and 240 min for higher concentration. The analysis of the kinetic data by pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order models displayed that MB adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐order model. The equilibrium data of MB adsorption were described by applying the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The observations from adsorption isotherms indicated that Langmuir model is the best fitted model and the maximum adsorption capacity (at the optimum pH 9.0) improved from 5.71 to 6.45 mg/g as the temperature increased from 298 to 328 K. The thermodynamic studies demonstrated that MB adsorption on to the adsorbent was spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. Low desorption of the dyes from the adsorbent indicates that the dyes might have been chemisorbed on to the adsorbent surface. A single‐stage batch adsorber was designed and quantity of adsorbent required for treating 1–10 L of stained water was determined based on the Langmuir isotherm model equation. Results indicate that the composite bead could be an alternative for relatively costly adsorbents used for remediation of MB dye bearing industrial effluents. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1901–1907, 2018

Optimization of process parameters for methylene blue removal by jute stick using response surface methodology

“…The desorption was low (up to 22.7%) and the reason could be formation of some complexes with large adsorption energy between the adsorbent molecules and adsorbate's surface resulting in less desorption. Similar observations were reported for Cupressus sempervirens cones [29], tea waste [32], palmarosa waste-based alginate bead adsorbent [34], brown macroalga [45], etc. Maximum desorption (22.7%) was achieved with 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 treatment.…”

“…The decrease in dye removal capacity on recycling could be due to change in surface structure during regeneration coupled with loss of active sorption sites . Low desorption indicated limited possibility of secondary contamination from disposal of dye loaded adsorbent . Disposal of dye loaded adsorbents is a serious concern .…”

“…Though regeneration of adsorbents by desorption is a feasible approach, but it involves input costs. Hence, for abundantly available no/low‐cost ligno‐cellulosic adsorbents, regeneration approach is less practiced . However, in present case, apart from regeneration, MB loaded JS can be used a colored raw material for preparing designed particle boards, value added decorative products etc .…”

“…Among all available methods, adsorption is most accepted and widely explored. Though activated carbon is a very good adsorbent, but owing to high cost of production, researchers have explored various locally available natural resources like rice husk , saw dust of oak , jute processing waste , peel of banana and orange , wheat shells , untreated beech sawdust , coir pith carbon , papaya leaf powder , carrot stem powder , cashew nut shell , Annona squmosa seed , tobacco stem biomass , rice husk activated carbon , Cupressus sempervirens cones , pine cone biomass , water hyacinth , tea waste , biomass flyash , palmarosa wastes based alginate beads , Nigella sativa seeds , etc. In present study, jute ( Corchorus olitorius ) stick (JS) stick have been used as a novel adsorbent to remove a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution.…”

Selected Aspects Related to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as Alternative Sources of Bioactive Compounds

“…The increased population led to a higher utilization of these plants, so their residues are proportional, with a huge amount of biomass generated as by-products [ 6 ], representing a growing market in the natural-based products [ 7 ]. The general use of MAPs all over the world is not homogenic, due to different factors: (i) in developed countries, even if the demand for natural treatments is high, profits of the growers and producers remain low because of the existing intermediaries which increase the price, as well as the lack of organization and networking by the poor collectors of medicinal plants from the wild; (ii) rigorous regulations and documentations requirements; and (iii) in less developed countries, there are poor traceability mechanisms from plant to population [ 8 ].…”