Entrainment of gravel from naturally sorted riverbed material

Andrews, E. D.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1225:eogfns>2.0.co;2

Cited by 374 publications

(312 citation statements)

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“…For slag particles of equal size, those pertaining to the M 10 /D 50 <0.8 category are mobilized by much larger specific stream powers. This observation, based on field measurements, supports experimental results obtained in flumes (Fenton & Abott, 1977;Andrews, 1983;Petit, 1994).…”

Section: Comparison Between Slag Size (M 10 ) In the Plateau Reaches supporting

confidence: 79%

Long-term bedload mobility in gravel-bed rivers using iron slag as a tracer

et al. 2011

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Bedload dispersion is evaluated in gravel-bed rivers using slag elements from ironworks established along rivers in the Ardenne region, between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries. Large quantities of slag were dumped close to these rivers or even directly into the channels. For centuries, slag elements were dispersed in the bedload and transported by floods of varying importance. Consequently, slag may be considered as a reliable tracer to analyze bedload dispersion over several centuries. The size of slag elements was studied along 16 Ardenne rivers. The longitudinal size trend of the largest slag particles allows the effective competence of these rivers to be determined (between 19 and 129 mm for rivers where specific stream power for the bankfull discharge ranges between 20 and 134 W/m²). A direct relationship doesn't exist between these two parameters as the size of slag elements must be considered with regard to the D 50 of the bed. Selective transport was analyzed directly downstream of the input sites. The sorting distance varies from river to river and depends on the velocity of the coarse elements introduced into the river since the inception of the iron industry. Downstream of two metallurgic sites, the slag propagation fronts were located. As the periods of activity at these sites are known from historical studies, the virtual velocity of bedload movement in these rivers was estimated to be 2-4 km/century.

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Section: Comparison Between Slag Size (M 10 ) In the Plateau Reaches supporting

confidence: 79%

Long-term bedload mobility in gravel-bed rivers using iron slag as a tracer

et al. 2011

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“…Although size distributions of bed load and subsurface material can be expected to be equal [Parker, 1982;Andrews, 1983], bed load was substantially finer than subsurface material sampled at riffle crests. The proportion of sand in bed load, for example, was 2-3 times greater (Table 1).…”

Section: Bed Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment transport and resulting deposition in spawning gravels, north coastal California

Lisle¹

1989

Water Resources Research

288

257

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Incubating salmonid eggs in streambeds are often threatened by deposition of fine sediment within the gravel. To relate sedimentation of spawning gravel beds to sediment transport, infiltration of fine sediment (<2 mm in diameter) into clean gravel beds, bed material size distributions, scour-fill depths, and sediment transport during 10 storm flow events were measured in three streams of north coastal California. Although suspended sediment comprised most (75-94%) of the clastic load during storm flows, bed load material (0.25-2 mm) accounted for most (70-78%) of the fine sediment accumulated in experimental gravel implanted in the streambeds. Sand trapped in the interstices of the top several centimeters formed a seal that impeded deeper deposition of very fine sand and finer material. The seal was responsible at least in part for a decrease in the rate of fine-sediment accumulation with increasing cumulative bed load transport. Areas of the streambeds commonly scoured or filled 0.1 m or more during storm flows, and thus scour and fill commonly created a sandy layer at least as thick as the seal formed by sediment infiltration. Scour could erode eggs laid in the bed and expose deeper levels of the bed to infiltration by fine sediment, but at the same time could allow fine sediment to be winnowed away. Great temporal and spatial variation in sedimentation in these streams suggests that individual storms of moderate size pose a threat to eggs in many but not all areas selected by fish for spawning.

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“…Some studies [e.g., Andrews, 1979;Hayward, 1980;Jackson and Beschta, 1982] suggest that transport rate in gravel bed rivers may not always be a direct function of water discharge and emphasize the role of sediment supply. On the basis of field measurements, two phases of bed load transport have been suggested [Emmett, 1976;Jackson and Beschta, 1982;Andrews, 1983;Wilcock, 1998]. Phase 1 consists of fine material, mainly sand, moving over a stable bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of bed load transport in Harris Creek: Seasonal and spatial variation over a cobble‐gravel bar

Hassan¹,

Church²

2001

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. Bed load sediment was caught in pit traps at several locations on a bar in Harris Creek, a cobble-gravel stream with a nivally dominated hydrograph, a structurally highly organized bed, and very low rates of bed material transport. Observations were made during two spring freshets. In order to obtain representative grain size distributions of the material in transport, the traps were left for periods of up to 24 hours, so that samples of up to 30 kg were recovered. We examine the sensitivity of bedload flux to flow variations via trap-specific ratings for narrowly defined textural subranges. All the ratings are very sensitive, indicating that bed load flux remains in the regime of "partial transport." The ratings also exhibited seasonal hysteresis and varied from trap to trap and from year to year.

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Entrainment of gravel from naturally sorted riverbed material

Cited by 374 publications

References 0 publications

Long-term bedload mobility in gravel-bed rivers using iron slag as a tracer

Long-term bedload mobility in gravel-bed rivers using iron slag as a tracer

Sediment transport and resulting deposition in spawning gravels, north coastal California

Sensitivity of bed load transport in Harris Creek: Seasonal and spatial variation over a cobble‐gravel bar

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