Entrainment behavior of copper and copper matte in copper smelting operations

Ip, S. W.; Toguri, J. M.

doi:10.1007/bf02656285

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[3][4][5]18] In the other studies, in contrast, only Bailey et al [28] used MPE, the same method as in the present work. The data measured by Present work (Ar-10%H 2 +Pb-Cu) : AFM Bailey et al [28] (Ar+Pb) : Sectioning Bailey et al [28] (H 2 +Pb) : Sectioning Fulmann [38] (H 2 +Pb) : Sectioning Hara et al [30] (Ar-10%H 2 +Pb-Cu) : Sectioning Surface tension of solid Cu Present work Udin et al [62] Bailey et al [28] Pranatis et al [63] Hoage [64] Inman et al [35] Evaluated by Liukkonen et al [18] Hondros et al [65] Bauer et al [66] Digilov et al [67] Felsen et al [68] Meyrick et al [69] Surface tension of liquid Cu [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] , , , , , positive-temperature dependency was found in the present study and no trend in their study. [28] It can, therefore, be stated that AFM used as the new method for measuring the dihedral angle in the present work provides the appropriate absolute values and realistic temperature dependence for the obtained angle values, leading to reasonable surface-tension values of solid Cu.…”

Section: Surface Tension Of Solid Cumentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Figure 18 shows the temperature dependence of surface tension of solid Cu, including the present experimental values and the literature data [28,35,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] and the literature data of liquid Cu. [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] The dashed line is the temperature function of surface tension for solid Cu evaluated by Liukkonen et al. [18] Surface tensions of liquid Cu, with two exceptions, show approximately 100 mN/m discrepancy.…”

Section: Surface Tension Of Solid Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Surface Tension of Solid Cu by Improved Multiphase Equilibrium

Nakamoto

Liukkonen²,

Friman³

et al. 2008

Metall Mater Trans B

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The surface tension of solid Cu was measured with the multiphase equilibrium (MPE) method in a Pb-Cu system at 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C. A special focus was on the measurement of angles involved in MPE. First, the effect of reading error in each angle measurement on the final result of surface tension of solid was simulated. It was found that the two groove measurements under atmosphere conditions are the primary sources of error in the surface tension of solid in the present system. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to these angle measurements as a new method with high accuracy. The obtained surface-tension values of solid Cu in the present work were 1587, 1610, and 1521 mN/m at 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C, respectively, representing reasonable temperature dependence.

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Section: Surface Tension Of Solid Cumentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Surface Tension Of Solid Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Surface Tension of Solid Cu by Improved Multiphase Equilibrium

Nakamoto

Liukkonen²,

Friman³

et al. 2008

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…During the settling process, there is a possibility that the matte droplets are mechanically entrained in the slag due to several factors, such as gas bubbles [26] and sticking to solids [27]. Another possibility of copper losses is the chemical dissolution of copper [8,28], in which the sulfidic copper in matte is oxidized to slag as cuprous oxide through Reaction 8.…”

Section: Introduction 11 Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper matte - slag reaction sequences and separation processes in matte smelting

Guntoro

Jokilaakso

Hellstén

et al. 2018

J min metall B Metall

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While particle combustion and chalcopyrite oxidation in suspension smelting is well understood, few studies are available regarding the melt-melt reactions and the separation between copper matte and slag in matte smelting. In the present work, experimental investigations in air and argon atmosphere were conducted using a mixture of synthetic slag and chalcopyrite concentrate. The sequential reaction and separation processes occurring in matte smelting are outlined. Possible limiting factors in the overall process are also proposed. The result of the present work forms an important foundation for future work in the kinetic rate formulation of molten phase reactions between copper matte and slag in matte smelting.

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“…Also, a high entrainment of matte in the slag is evidently due to a combination of splashes from surface deformation in the plume region which drops to the slag surface and attachment of matte constituents into the slag as the gas crosses the slag-matte as dispersion droplets. According to studies by Ip and Toguri, 27 flotation of droplets hence entrainment by gas bubbles is possible when the flotation coefficient is greater than zero. In the current studies, the flotation coefficient is around 0?0027 N m 21 which is adequate to satisfy dispersed phase flotation.…”

Section: Phase Distribution Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modelling of mixing, mass transfer and phase distribution in a Peirce–Smith converter model

Chibwe¹,

Akdogan²,

Aldrich³

et al. 2013

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

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This study presents a numerical and physical modelling study of flow pattern, mixing, solid-liquid mass transfer and slag matte phase distribution in an industrial Peirce-Smith converter (PSC) slice model. The two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of the three phase system were carried out using volume of fluid (VOF) and realisable k2e (RKE) turbulence model to account for the multiphase and turbulence nature of the flow respectively. These models were implemented using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical code FLUENT. In physical simulations, water, kerosene, air and sintered benzoic acid compacts were used to simulate matte, slag, injected gas and solid additions into PSC. Both numerical and physical simulations were able to predict, in agreement, the mixing and dispersion characteristics of the system in relation to different blowing conditions employed in this study. Measurement of dimensionless turbulence characteristic values conclusively indicated that fluid flow in PSC is stratified.Ce document pré sente une é tude de modé lisation numé rique et physique de la configuration de l'é coulement, du mé langeage, du transfert de masse solide-liquide et de la distribution de phase scorie-matte dans un modè le en tranches de convertisseur industriel Peirce-Smith (PSC). On a effectué les simulations numé riques 2D et 3D du systè me à trois phases en utilisant le modè le du Volume de Fluide (VOF) et de la turbulence ré alisable (RKE) pour tenir compte des phases multiples et de la nature turbulente de l'é coulement, respectivement. On a exé cuté ces modè les en utilisant le code numé rique commercial de la dynamique numé rique des fluides (CFD) FLUENT. Dans les simulations physiques, on a utilisé de l'eau, du ké rosè ne, de l'air et des compacts fritté s d'acide benzoïque pour la simulation de la matte, de la scorie, du gaz d'injection et des additions de solide dans le PSC. Les simulations numé riques et physiques é taient toutes deux capables de pré dire, en accord, les caracté ristiques de mé langeage et de dispersion du systè me en relation avec les diffé rentes conditions de soufflage utilisé es dans cette é tude. La mesure des valeurs caracté ristiques sans dimension de la turbulence indiquait dé cisivement que l'é coulement du fluide dans le PSC é tait stratifié .

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Entrainment behavior of copper and copper matte in copper smelting operations

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Measurement of Surface Tension of Solid Cu by Improved Multiphase Equilibrium

Measurement of Surface Tension of Solid Cu by Improved Multiphase Equilibrium

Copper matte - slag reaction sequences and separation processes in matte smelting

Modelling of mixing, mass transfer and phase distribution in a Peirce–Smith converter model

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