Entrainment and Transport of Well‐Sorted and Mixed Sediment Under Wave Motion

Rafati, Yashar; Hsu, Tian‐Jian; Calantoni, Joseph; Puleo, Jack A.

doi:10.1029/2022jc018686

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Under velocity‐skewed oscillatory flow, q N of uniform fine sediment is reversed from positive to negative, and that of uniform coarse sediment increases and remains positive with the increase of U m (Ahmed & Sato, 2003a; Hassan & Ribberink, 2010). The negative net transport for fine sediment is explained by the dominance of the suspended load (Rafati et al., 2022), which is attributed to the large phase lag (basically constant < C >) and the negative < U B > (Figures 10a and 10b). The positive net transport for coarse sediment is explained by the dominance of the bedload (Rafati et al., 2022), that is, the positive q C below the initial bed due to the mobile bed effect and the positive q W above the initial bed (Figures 10c and 10d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model comprehensively considers the gradation effects, the velocity phase lead, the sediment phase lag, and the asymmetric boundary layer induced by the velocity or acceleration asymmetry. Thus, the model may enhance the performance of morphodynamic models in predicting beach evolution after extreme events and nearshore projects and may reduce the dependency of the calibration parameters on specific events (Rafati et al., 2022). The model reproduces the graded sediment transport in velocity‐ and acceleration‐skewed oscillatory sheet flow and reflects the inhibition/promotion for fine/coarse fraction and the vertical sorting processes compared with uniform sediment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negative net transport for fine sediment is explained by the dominance of the suspended load (Rafati et al, 2022), which is attributed to the large phase lag (basically constant <C>) and the negative <U B > (Figures 10a and 10b). The positive net transport for coarse sediment is explained by the dominance of the bedload (Rafati et al, 2022), that is, the posi tive q C below the initial bed due to the mobile bed effect and the positive q W above the initial bed (Figures 10c and 10d). The total q N is dominated by the net transport of the fine fraction and becomes negative when the fine fraction is dominated (M1, Figure 14a) because of the relatively large phase lag and the net negative flow of the asymmetric boundary layer.…”

Section: Net Sediment Transport Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rafati et al. (2022) further found that the phase lag and the generation of plug flow are highly dependent on the size gradation, which can enhance or reduce the net transport rate by about 50%. The morphodynamic problems also depend on the sediment size distribution because the effect of size gradation on the morphodynamic processes mentioned above can only be involved by considering the sediment transport rates of different size fractions (van Rijn, 2007; Srisuwan & Work, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Model for Graded Sediment Transport in Velocity‐ and Acceleration‐Skewed Oscillatory Sheet Flow

Chen

2023

JGR Oceans

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At high sediment transport intensities, the oscillatory ripple loses its height and the bed becomes flat, and sediment motion then occurs as a sheet within a few centimeters near the bottom (Hassan & Ribberink, 2010). Sheet flow study is of considerable importance to coastal processes, as it can cause substantial morphological evolutions during severe hydrodynamic conditions over a short time scale (Tan & Yuan, 2021). Sheet flow transport in the coastal area is mainly influenced by the intensity of hydrodynamic forcing and the sediment properties (i.e., size, density, and shape) (Durafour et al., 2015). The heterogeneity of sediment properties is important to sheet flow transport (de Meijer et al., 2002), and this paper only focuses on the heterogeneity of sediment size. Many sediment beds have wide-size distributions, and the distributions may not be lognormal and tend to be negatively or positively skewed (Mohtar et al., 2016). Non-uniform sediments are also generally found in nearshore projects that involve the mixing of multiple types of sediment (e.g., beach nourishment and dredged material disposal) . The non-uniformity of grain size plays a very important role in the sediment movement caused by wave motion (Holland & Elmore, 2008). Massive sediment transport occurs in the surf zone and the swash zone, where graded sediment bed moves primarily under the sheet flow regime (Harada et al., 2015;van der Zanden et al., 2019). Hence, ascertaining the mechanism of oscillatory sheet flow for graded sediment is essential in coastal sediment dynamics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Net Sediment Transport Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Model for Graded Sediment Transport in Velocity‐ and Acceleration‐Skewed Oscillatory Sheet Flow

Chen

2023

JGR Oceans

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“…Re‐entrainment of sediment results in increased particle flux along the plume. Thus, entrainment and re‐entrainment processes are important to describe the final sediment deposition distribution (Carey et al, 1988; Ernst et al, 1996; Mingotti & Woods, 2019, 2020; Rafati et al, 2022). The particle–water interaction determines the sedimentation patterns on the bottom layer and the deposition rate decreases in radial distance due to the velocity decay.…”

Section: Sediment‐laden Jetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport dynamics of sediment‐laden jet: A review

Chen

Otoo

Chen

et al. 2022

River

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Wastewater disposal through the dumping of spoil and sludge into the river, lake, or ocean is typically in the form of a sediment‐laden jet. The inorganic and organic solids from the effluent settling close to the source often result in the formation of sludge banks which can have a damaging effect on the marine ecosystem. Therefore, predicting the transport and deposition of sediment‐laden wastewater jet flows has been a focus of intense research for decades. In this paper, we discussed the fundamental understanding of sediment‐laden jets and the progress made in their predictions. We also highlighted some of the pertinent research challenges revealed by the previous studies and identified some key research issues that need to be addressed to achieve sustainable marine wastewater disposal in the face of increasing river, lake, and marine pollution.

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