Entomopathogenic Nematodes – Save Biocontrol Agents for Sustainable Systems

Elhers, Ralf-Udo

doi:10.7202/706164ar

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The cost benefit relation might change should EPN produce long-term effects on pest populations. But little is known about the impact of naturally occurring EPN populations (Ehlers 1998). Reports can be divided into relatively balanced host-nematode associations and epizootics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops

Susurluk

Ehlers

2007

BioControl

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To investigate nematode establishment and persistence, dauer juveniles (DJs) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were applied at 50 cm -2 in different crops in June and July with conventional spraying equipment and 420 l water ha -1 . Application hardly had any effects on survival and infectivity. The number of DJs reaching the soil was assessed and the establishment and persistence recorded by baiting soil samples with larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella. The better the plant canopy was developed the fewer DJs reached the soil during application. Whereas in pasture 77% and in potatoes 78% of the applied nematodes reached the soil, in wheat and peas little less than 50%, in oil-seed rape only 5% and in lupine 6% were recorded. Between 50 and 60% of the soil samples contained H. bacteriophora a month after application with the exception of wheat (>90%) and potatoes (<5%) indicating that the number of nematodes reaching the soil during application had no influence on their establishment in the soil. Probably DJs can survive in the plant canopy and reach the soil later after application. The percentage of nematode-positive soil samples dropped considerably after tillage. In potatoes no nematodes were recovered after two months, which probably was also due to the intensive movement of the soil. Although nematodes are susceptible to freezing, temperatures below 08C during the winter did not extinguish the H. bacteriophora population. In field crops EPN usually persisted not much longer than one year. The longest persistence of H. bacteriophora was detected 23 months after release in beans followed in rotation by wheat with red clover as cover crop. In this field larvae of the pea weevil Sitona lineatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were detected in soil samples and found infected with the released nematode population. In the laboratory the field soils were tested for persistence of H. bacteriophora at 88C and a half-life of 24.8 days was recorded in the absence of host insects and plants. Thus long-term persistence in the field was a result of recycling in host insects, which could not be detected in other crops than beans and clover. As H. bacteriophora seems to be restricted in its host potential, this species disappears after release once the host population is not available anymore.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops

Susurluk

Ehlers

2007

BioControl

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“…Extensive research has demonstrated both their successes and failures in the control of insect pests of crops, trees, ornamental plants, lawn and turf (Ishibashi & Choi 1991;Hazir 2004;Head et al 2004;Georgis et al 2006;Laznik et al 2010). EPNs naturally reside in the soil and are classified into the families of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Ehlers 1998;Georgis et al 2006;Poinar & Grewal 2012). EPNs form a dauer or stress-resistant stage known as the infective juvenile -IJ (Ehlers 1998).…”

Section: The Use Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPNs naturally reside in the soil and are classified into the families of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Ehlers 1998;Georgis et al 2006;Poinar & Grewal 2012). EPNs form a dauer or stress-resistant stage known as the infective juvenile -IJ (Ehlers 1998). This developmentally arrested stage also plays a key role in the dispersal of the nematodes in the soil as they actively seek and infect suitable insect hosts (Campbell et al 2003;Wilson et al 2012).…”

Section: The Use Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic nematodes: can we use the current knowledge on belowground multitrophic interactions in future plant protection programmes? - Review

Jagodič¹,

Trdan²,

Laznik³

2019

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Plants under herbivore attack emit mixtures of volatiles that can attract the natural enemies of the herbivores. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are organisms that can be used in the biological control of insect pests. Recent studies have shown that the movement of EPNs is associated with the detection of chemical stimuli from the environment. To date, several compounds that are responsible for the mediation in below ground multitrophic interactions have been identified. In the review, we discuss the use of EPNs in agriculture, the role of belowground volatiles and their use in plant protection programmes.

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“…Spekter uporabe EO je zelo širok, lahko Slika 2: Infektivne ličinke entomopatogene ogorčice vrste Heterorhabditis bacteriophora se jih uporablja za zatiranje škodljivcev brusnic, artičok, jablan, travne ruše in drugih gojenih rastlin (Gaugler, 2002). Učinkovitost uporabe EO v primerjavi s kemičnimi sredstvi je manjša, vendar pri tem ne smemo zanemariti izredno pomembnega dejstva, da je pri uporabi biotičnih agensov stopnja tveganja za okolje manjša (Ehlers, 1998). Uporaba ogorčic je varna za uporabnika in do sedaj še ni bilo podatkov, ki bi poročali o škodljivosti EO in njihovih simbiontskih bakterijah za sesalce in rastline (Boemare et al, 1982;Akhurst & Smith, 2002).…”

Section: Uporabna Vrednost Entomopatogenih Ogorčic V Kmetijstvuunclassified

Multitrofične interakcije med rastlinami, talnimi škodljivimi žuželkami ter entomopatogenimi ogorčicami / Multitrophic interaction between plants, underground pests and entomopathogenic nematodes

Jagodič

Trdan

Laznik

2019

Folia Biologica Et Geologica

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IZVLEČEK Multitrofične interakcije med rastlinami, talnimi škodljivimi žuželkami ter entomopatogenimi ogorčicami V kmetijskih ekosistemih lahko talni škodljivci povzročijo veliko gospodarsko škodo. Za njihovo zatiranje se največkrat uporabi kemična fitofarmacevtska sredstva, ki pa imajo lahko tudi negativne vplive na okolje. Raziskovalci zato preučujejo druge možnosti zatiranja tako nadzemskih kot tudi talnih škodljivih organizmov v kmetijstvu. Gibanje organizmov je povezano z zaznavanjem kemičnih dražljajev iz okolja. Študije so v zadnjih letih pokazale, da se proti kemičnim dražljajem lahko gibajo tudi naravni sovražniki škodljivcev (entomopatogene ogorčice). Govorimo o t.i. neposredni obrambi rastlin pred škodljivimi organizmi. Rastlina, ki jo je napadel herbivor, začne v okolico sproščati kemične signale, ki na naravne sovražnike povzročitelja delujejo privabilno. Doslej je bilo identificiranih le nekaj ključnih spojin, ki so odgovorne za posredovanje v tako imenovanih multitrofičnih interakcijah in le nekaj genov ter biokemičnih poti, ki so odgovorne za proizvodnjo hlapljivih organskih snovi (HOS). Mnoge spojine ostajajo še vedno neznane, toda identifikacija le-teh ima velik potencial za uporabo pri varstvu rastlin. Napredki v razumevanju rastlinskih emisij in njihove vloge pri signaliziranju predstavljajo enega izmed novih načinov manipulacije rastlinskih eksudatov, s katerimi bi izboljšali naravne obrambne lastnosti rastlin. Ključne besede: entomopatogene ogorčice, talni škodljivci, HOS, neposredna rastlinska obramba ABSTRACT Multitrophic interaction between plants, underground pests and entomopathogenic nematodes In agricultural ecosystems, soil pests can cause great economic damage. Pesticides are often used for their control, but they may also have negative effects on the environment. Researchers are therefore exploring other options for suppressing both above-ground and soil-dwelling organisms in agriculture. The movement of organisms is associated with the detection of chemical stimuli from the environment. Studies have shown in recent years that natural enemies (entomopathogenic nematodes) of pests can also move against chemical stimuli. The term is known as an indirect plant defense. The plant that has been attacked by the herbivor starts to release chemical signals to the environment, which act on the natural enemies of the pests. To date, only a few key compounds have been identified that are responsible for mediation in so-called multitrophic interactions and only a few genes and biochemical pathways that are responsible for the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Many compounds remain unknown, but their identification has great potential for use in plant protection. Progress in understanding plant emissions and their role in signaling is one of the new ways to manipulate plant exudates to improve the natural defenses of plants.

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Entomopathogenic Nematodes – Save Biocontrol Agents for Sustainable Systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops

Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops

Entomopathogenic nematodes: can we use the current knowledge on belowground multitrophic interactions in future plant protection programmes? - Review

Multitrofične interakcije med rastlinami, talnimi škodljivimi žuželkami ter entomopatogenimi ogorčicami / Multitrophic interaction between plants, underground pests and entomopathogenic nematodes

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