Entomopathogenic nematodes, phoretic Paenibacillus spp., and the use of real time quantitative PCR to explore soil food webs in Florida citrus groves

Campos‐Herrera, Raquel; El-Borai, Fahiem E.; Stuart, Robin J.; Graham, James H.; Duncan, Larry W.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2011.06.005

Cited by 51 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The use of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) can be used in the field and in the laboratory for identifying and quantifying EPN species (Campos-Herrera et al, 2012). Conventional insect baiting techniques can now be replaced by the qPCR method, which is faster, more accurate and more affordable (Campos-Herrera et al, 2011a;2011b). Such a technique should be used for future persistence trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of abiotic factors, including soil moisture and texture, temperature and relative humidity have different effects on the pathogenicity, movement and persistence of different nematode species (Kung et al, 1990;Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2006). Biotic adversaries in the soil that reduce applied EPN numbers include a variety of organisms, such as protozoans, predacious mites, bacteria, nematophagous fungi, and other free-living and competitor nematodes (Kaya, 2002;Duncan et al, 2007;Campos-Herrera et al, 2011a;2011b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Vieux

Malan

2015

SAJEV

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In South Africa, the most common method of mealybug control has been the use of chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae potentially can be used within an integrated pest management scheme to control Planococcus ficus, the vine mealybug, which occurs on all parts of grapevine, including the roots. When Steinernema yirgalemense was applied to the soil of two vineyards with P. ficus, contained in pierced Eppendorf tubes, buried at a depth of 15 cm in the soil, mortalities of up to 50% were obtained after 48 h. The persistence of S. yirgalemense, measured using codling moth larval mortality was found to be zero in one vineyard, while in the other it was 70%, 12 weeks after application. Tests were conducted to establish the production of scavenger deterrent factors by H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense. Of the cadavers that were presented six days after nematode infection, 49% of the H. zealandica-and 60% of the S. yirgalemense-infected cadavers were left intact. Olfactometry tests indicated a significant difference concerning the number of S. yirgalemense infective juveniles (IJs) that were attracted to damaged Vitis vinifera roots and P. ficus, indicating active movement of the IJs and the attractive ability of organic compounds produced by the roots. This study shows that EPNs, and specifically S. yirgalemense, have promising potential as biological control agents for the control of P. ficus soil populations, and investigates some influential factors affecting EPNs as biocontrol agents in the agro-ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Vieux

Malan

2015

SAJEV

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“…They are also used with RNA to characterize gene expression in communities (e.g., Mengoni et al, 2005), an application reviewed by Bustin et al (2009) and van Pelt-Verkuil et al (2010). Because the same methods are employed to measure all targeted organisms, these techniques have greatly extended our ability to study cryptic species, associations and processes in nature (Carreón-Martínez and Heath, 2010; Campos-Herrera et al, 2011b). PCR methods are used routinely to accurately monitor bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, and associated cryptic organisms (Hoogendoorn and Heimpel, 2001; Atkins et al, 2005; Gariepy et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2009; Campos-Herrera et al, 2011b; Griffiths et al, 2012; Pathak et al, 2012; Hilton et al, 2013).…”

Section: Molecular Techniques For Characterizing Soil Communities Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the same methods are employed to measure all targeted organisms, these techniques have greatly extended our ability to study cryptic species, associations and processes in nature (Carreón-Martínez and Heath, 2010; Campos-Herrera et al, 2011b). PCR methods are used routinely to accurately monitor bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, and associated cryptic organisms (Hoogendoorn and Heimpel, 2001; Atkins et al, 2005; Gariepy et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2009; Campos-Herrera et al, 2011b; Griffiths et al, 2012; Pathak et al, 2012; Hilton et al, 2013). They are an important alternative to traditional morphological identification, especially in their ability to detect and identify juvenile stages, very small quantities of tissues and even degraded material (Chen et al, 2010; Pathak et al, 2012).…”

Section: Molecular Techniques For Characterizing Soil Communities Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of molecular tools to identify and quantify organisms at multiple trophic levels is providing opportunities to characterize targeted species in complex and cryptic soil systems with precision (Campos-Herrera et al, 2011a,b, 2012). Next generation sequencing (NGS) systems and high-throughput tools can reveal previously unknown organisms and novel functions of soil communities (He et al, 2010; Hackl et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyzing spatial patterns linked to the ecology of herbivores and their natural enemies in the soil

Campos‐Herrera¹,

Ali²,

Díaz³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Modern agricultural systems can benefit from the application of concepts and models from applied ecology. When understood, multitrophic interactions among plants, pests, diseases and their natural enemies can be exploited to increase crop production and reduce undesirable environmental impacts. Although the understanding of subterranean ecology is rudimentary compared to the perspective aboveground, technologies today vastly reduce traditional obstacles to studying cryptic communities. Here we emphasize advantages to integrating as much as possible the use of these methods in order to leverage the information gained from studying communities of soil organisms. PCR-based approaches to identify and quantify species (real time qPCR and next generation sequencing) greatly expand the ability to investigate food web interactions because there is less need for wide taxonomic expertise within research programs. Improved methods to capture and measure volatiles in the soil atmosphere in situ make it possible to detect and study chemical cues that are critical to communication across trophic levels. The application of SADIE to directly assess rather than infer spatial patterns in belowground agroecosystems has improved the ability to characterize relationships between organisms in space and time. We review selected methodology and use of these tools and describe some of the ways they were integrated to study soil food webs in Florida citrus orchards with the goal of developing new biocontrol approaches.

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Deciphering the Pathogenic Behaviour of Phyto‐Pathogens Using Molecular Tools

Singh

Jain

Saxena

et al. 2014

Biological Controls for Preventing Food Deterioration

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Entomopathogenic nematodes, phoretic Paenibacillus spp., and the use of real time quantitative PCR to explore soil food webs in Florida citrus groves

Cited by 51 publications

References 47 publications

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Analyzing spatial patterns linked to the ecology of herbivores and their natural enemies in the soil

Deciphering the Pathogenic Behaviour of Phyto‐Pathogens Using Molecular Tools

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