Entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: A review

Scholte, Ernst-Jan; Knols, Bart G. J.; Samson, Robert A.; Takken, Willem

doi:10.1673/031.004.1901

Cited by 147 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Recently, insect pathogenic deuteromycetes fungi were tested in the laboratory as against the adults of Anophelese and Culex sps., and the effective one was M. anisopilae (Scholte et al 2004), and also, the spores of entomopathogenic fungus Fusrium pallidoroseum were found to be effective against adults of female C. quinquefasciatus ) This is the first report of C. tropicum used against adult mosquito population. In the present investigation, we have evaluated the adulticide activity of metabolite of fungus C. tropicum against adult mosquitoes after purification of metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Efficacy of Chrysosporium tropicum metabolite against mixed population of adult mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensii, and Aedes aegypti) after purification with flash chromatography

Verma

Prakash

2010

Parasitol Res

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Chrysosporium tropicum is a keratinophilic fungus and an effective mosquito control agent. This fungus was grown in Richards broth at 27 +/- 2 degrees C and a relative humidity of 75% +/- 5% for 15 +/- 2 days. Filtration was done with Whatman number 1 filter paper, column chromatography, and flash chromatography. Adulticidal efficacy was performed against a mixed population of mosquitoes including Culex quinquefasciatus, Anophelese stephensii, Aedes aegypti at five different concentrations 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1 by adding fungal filtrate of flash chromatography to methanol in different ratio (metabolite/methanol). The experiment was conducted in the cage with an area of 2 x 2 x 3 ft. The mortality in mosquito population was recorded after 8 hours of exposure, and adulticidal activity was tested by probit analysis. The LC(50) was determined to be 4.9921 ml. Results of present study confirm that metabolites of C. tropicum can be utilized as alternative biological control agents for adult mosquitoes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Efficacy of Chrysosporium tropicum metabolite against mixed population of adult mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensii, and Aedes aegypti) after purification with flash chromatography

Verma

Prakash

2010

Parasitol Res

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“…A study with the spores of Chrysosporium lobatum also shows 100% mortality to each instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi (Mohanty and Prakash 2007) However, in these studies, the spores of fungus were used but not the metabolite, whereas the present investigation is based on metabolite of the fungus. Scholte et al (2004;Scholt et al 2005) has demonstrated that the fungi can play significant role in reducing not only malaria vector in Africa but the cases of malaria also. This was done while using spores however, they have not yet could utilize the metabolic products to minimize the vector population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chrysosporium keratinophilum metabolites against Culex quinquefasciatus after chromatographic purification

Soni

Prakash

2010

Parasitol Res

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Chrysosporium keratinophilum is known to be a keratinophilic fungus and an effective mosquito control agent. This fungus was grown on Sabauraud dextrose broth in the laboratory at 25°C, while the relative humidity was maintained at 75 ± 5% for 15 days. Filtration process of metabolites was done using whatman-1 filter paper, column chromatography and flash, chromatography. Larvicidal efficacy was performed against all instars of Culex quinquefasciatus. Larvicidal efficacy was performed at six different concentrations with different effective ratios (ethanol/metabolites: 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, and 1:9). The mortality values were then subjected by the probit analysis. The larval mortalities were observed for a period of 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The first and second instars were highly susceptible to 2:8 ratio. In the first instar after column chromatography, LC(50) =26.66 ppm, LC(90) =121.96 ppm, LC(99) =231.86 ppm were observed after 72 h, while after flash chromatography the LC(50) =20 ppm, LC(90) =123.02 ppm, LC(99) =281.83 ppm were observed after 48 h. In the second instar after column chromatography, LC(50) =18.19 ppm, LC(90) =102.32 ppm, LC(99) =162.18 ppm were observed after 72 h, while doing flash chromatography 100% mortality could be recorded after 24 h. In the third instar after column chromatography, the LC(50) =38.01 ppm, LC(90) =131.82 ppm, LC(99) =245.47 ppm were observed after 72 h, while after flash chromatography the LC(50) =17.78 ppm, LC(90) =100 ppm, LC(99) =151.35 ppm. In the fourth instar, LC(50) =61.65 ppm, LC(90) =181.97 ppm, LC(99) =436.51 ppm, while after flash chromatography LC(50) =40 ppm, LC(90) =120 ppm, and LC(99) =223.87 ppm were observed after 72 h. The extracellular metabolites of C. keratinophilum could be a fungal based larvicides resource for the control of C. quinquefasciatus larvae. This could be another agent for biotechnological exploitation, if found suitable in field trials.

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“…Only one species of the fungus Lagenidium is known to be a facultative parasite of mosquito larvae, namely Lagenidium giganteum. It consists of two stages: oospores (sexual) and zoospores (asexual; Scholte et al 2004). The fungus has caused high mortalities in mosquito populations in many laboratories, especially in Culex (Merriam and Axtell 1982) and Anopheles species (Kerwin and Washino 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This limited use is due, in part, to the technical aspects of production and distribution . L. giganteum products have been quite difficult, expensive to store, contaminated easily, and refrigeration was necessary to maintain efficacy (Scholte et al 2004). Presently, L. giganteum is produced and delivered for mosquito control as mycelium (May et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Lagenidium giganteum metabolites on mosquito larvae with reference to nontarget organisms

2007

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Lagenidium giganteum is a water mold and an effective mosquito control agent with limited use due to poor survival and contamination during storage. Invert extracellular metabolites of L. giganteum is easy to produce, long shelf life, and a potential candidate in tropical climates. This fungus was grown in PYG broth in the laboratory at 25 +/- 2 degrees C, and relative humidity was maintained at 75 +/- 5% for 15 +/- 2 days. Filtration process of metabolites was done using Whatman filter paper, column chromatograph, and range syringe filters techniques. Then 5-ml fractions were collected and used to assay larvicidal efficacies. Larvicidal efficacies were performed against Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes aegypti at five different concentrations, viz. 1.68, 1.99, 2.17, 2.30, and 2.40 ppm. And also, filtrates were assessed against four species of nontarget organisms named Daphnia pulex, Cyclopes, Lymnea auriculeta, and tadpoles of Rana tigrina with different concentrations. The mortality values were subjected by the Probit analysis. The complete mortalities that resulted from applying filtrates dosage on all instars of mosquitoes persisted for a period of 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The efficacies in killing instar of three important vectors and safer for nontarget organisms with good biological stability of extracellular metabolites make this a promising alternative to mycelium and conidial-based larvicides. It could be regarded as fungal-based natural larvicide for the use of vector control.

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Entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: A review

Cited by 147 publications

References 143 publications

Efficacy of Chrysosporium tropicum metabolite against mixed population of adult mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensii, and Aedes aegypti) after purification with flash chromatography

Efficacy of Chrysosporium tropicum metabolite against mixed population of adult mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensii, and Aedes aegypti) after purification with flash chromatography

Effect of Chrysosporium keratinophilum metabolites against Culex quinquefasciatus after chromatographic purification

Efficacy of Lagenidium giganteum metabolites on mosquito larvae with reference to nontarget organisms

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