Entomological investigation of an outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in Solan district, Himachal Pradesh

Kumar, Gaurav; Pasi, Shweta; Ojha, Vijay Prakash; Dhiman, R. C.

doi:10.4103/0972-9062.313972

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…6 During the past decades, the geographic range of JEV has expanded, with new areas of transmission being identified in several locations in Asia and the Western Pacific region, including in recent decades in Tibet, parts of India, and higher altitude areas in Nepal. [7][8][9][10][11] In Australia, only five JE cases had been reported prior to 2021, all in 1998 or earlier in Far North Queensland; these included four cases on Badu Island, an outer Torres Strait island, and one case on the mainland following a short-lived incursion of the virus. 12 However, in 2021 through the first half of 2022, more than 40 JE cases were identified on the Australian mainland in areas up to 1,500 miles further south and substantially further west than previously reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese Encephalitis among Adults: A Review

Hills

Netravathi

Solomon

2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Japanese encephalitis (JE) is becoming an increasingly important issue among adults. The reasons for this are multifactorial. During the past decades, new areas of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission have occurred in several locations, most notably in a markedly expanded area of Australia during 2021–2022. When JEV enters new areas, cases in adults frequently occur. This is unlike the typical pattern in endemic areas where the burden of disease is in children because most adults are protected through natural immunity following earlier exposure to the virus. Even in endemic areas, JEV has become relatively more important in adults because improved JE control through childhood immunization programs has resulted in a substantial decrease in pediatric JE cases and thus more prominence of adult JE cases. Finally, increases in tourism to JE risk areas have resulted in more exposure of adult travelers, who are usually non-immune, to infection in JE risk areas. In this review we describe the increasing importance of JE in adults in some areas and then consider the comparative clinical presentation and severity of illness among children and adults.

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