Entomological Index and Home Environment Contribution­ ­to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Mataram City, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is a member of Southeast Asia Regional Office (SEARO) ranked the first in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) problem based on incidence rate (IR)and case fatality rate (CFR). Several provinces in Indonesia experience an outbreak, one of which is the Mataram City in West Nusa Tenggara Province.Mataram City is an endemic area of DHF because the DHF cases are always found in three consecutive years with the number of cases that fluctuate andtend to increase. This study aimed to obtain factors that could be used to improve early warning systems in controlling DHF. This study used a case controldesign with a ratio of 1:1 to 180 house holds. The results showed that home environmental factors, such as no ceiling, indoor and outdoor temperature thathad the potential for breeding places for mosquitoes, no wire net in ventilation, low lighting and high humidity, related to DHF transmission. Vector distibutionwith entomology index showed that the existence of larvae, eggs and mosquitoes played a role in dengue transmission. The dominant factors affecting the transmission of dengue in Mataram City are the condition of the ceiling and the existence of mosquito eggs in the house.

Effects of Health Education Based Intervention on Community’s Perception, Healthy House, and Social Capital of Dengue in Endemic Area of Sleman Regency Indonesia

“…The physical condition of the house, sanitation facilities, and the behavior of the occupants of the house determine the condition of the house [44], [45], [46]. The poor physical conditions of the house, such as low lighting and high humidity, are supportive of the breeding of the A. aegypti, which like dark and humid places, so these conditions should be minimized in the house [44], [47], [48], [49]. Sanitation facilities such as the availability of sufficiently clean water, so that people do not need to collect water, would reduce the mosquito's breeding places [50], [51], [52], [53].…”

Vector control Aedes sp. during pandemic COVID-19

“…breeding places in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic are deficient. This condition can be proved with the level of larvae density measured through container index (CI) and breteau index (BI) indicators, which resulted in the scale of nine or the high category based on WHO's Density Figures, in addition, house index (HI) shows the scale of six or high category [24]. These results show that the spreading of vector Aedes sp.…”

“…HI is acquired by dividing the number of larva-positive houses with the number of examined houses multiplied by 100%. BI is obtained by dividing the number of larva-positive containers with the number of examined houses multiplied by 100% [24]. MI is one of the quantitative approaches applied to identify the risk of an area used as a breeding site by Aedes mosquitos based on environmental health status.…”

Epidemiology of Chikungunya in Indonesia

“…The anterior part of the midfemur with longitudinal white stripes, and the head of the clypeus with white scales. In addition, paratergite with wide white scales and palpomeric heads 4 with white scales on apex [102,104].…”