Entomological Aspects of Radiation as Related to Genetics and Physiology

Grosch, Daniel S.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.07.010162.000501

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In many arthropods studied so far (reviewed by Tilton andBrower 1983, Bakri et al 2005), the effect of gamma radiation was found to vary inversely with the developmental stage of the concerned species. It has been argued that there exists a direct relationship between radiosensitivity and the mitotic activity of the individual (Grosch 1962, Proverbs 1969, Pawlik and Keyomarsi 2004, Wilson 2007. Therefore, adults are more radioresistant than the juvenile stages while the eggs are the most sensitive to radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the families, Acrididae (Orthoptera) and Blaberidae (Dictyoptera), are the most radiosensitive groups, Arctiidae and Pyralidae (Lepidoptera) have been reported as the most radioresistant groups (Bakri et al 2005). The high resistance to radiation of most adult insects has been attributed to the fact that they are composed of differentiated cells, which do not undergo replacement (Grosch 1962, Proverbs 1969. Willard and Cherry (1975) suggested that the large, long-lived adults are generally more radiosensitive than the small short-lived adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gamma radiation tolerance of a tropical species of midge,Chironomus ramosusChaudhuri (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Datkhile

Dongre²,

Mukhopadhyaya

et al. 2009

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma radiation tolerance of a tropical species of midge,Chironomus ramosusChaudhuri (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Datkhile

Dongre²,

Mukhopadhyaya

et al. 2009

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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“…Radiation causes molecular damage, including protein and lipid oxidation and gene transmutation; however, the effects depend on dose [9]. Previous studies show that fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) [10] and wasps ( Habrobracon and Bracon hebetor ) [11,12] temporarily lose motor control after a dose of about 1–2 kGy, but recover to normal behavior within minutes [9] or hours [12]. At exposures greater than 2.5 kGy, insects do not recover, although it is unclear when death actually occurs [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time phase-contrast x-ray imaging: a new technique for the study of animal form and function

et al. 2007

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BackgroundDespite advances in imaging techniques, real-time visualization of the structure and dynamics of tissues and organs inside small living animals has remained elusive. Recently, we have been using synchrotron x-rays to visualize the internal anatomy of millimeter-sized opaque, living animals. This technique takes advantage of partially-coherent x-rays and diffraction to enable clear visualization of internal soft tissue not viewable via conventional absorption radiography. However, because higher quality images require greater x-ray fluxes, there exists an inherent tradeoff between image quality and tissue damage.ResultsWe evaluated the tradeoff between image quality and harm to the animal by determining the impact of targeted synchrotron x-rays on insect physiology, behavior and survival. Using 25 keV x-rays at a flux density of 80 μW/mm-2, high quality video-rate images can be obtained without major detrimental effects on the insects for multiple minutes, a duration sufficient for many physiological studies. At this setting, insects do not heat up. Additionally, we demonstrate the range of uses of synchrotron phase-contrast imaging by showing high-resolution images of internal anatomy and observations of labeled food movement during ingestion and digestion.ConclusionSynchrotron x-ray phase contrast imaging has the potential to revolutionize the study of physiology and internal biomechanics in small animals. This is the only generally applicable technique that has the necessary spatial and temporal resolutions, penetrating power, and sensitivity to soft tissue that is required to visualize the internal physiology of living animals on the scale from millimeters to microns.

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“…It has been well established that sexual sterility can be induced in insects by exposure to ionizing radiation (Howden 1957;Grosch 1962;Proverbs and Newton 1962) and that the introduction of sterile but otherwise sexually competitive individuals into natural populations can cause a greater reduction in the biotic votential than the destruction or removal of the same number of individuals (Knipling 1959). The dramatic success of the screw-worm eradication program on the island of Curacao (Baumhover et al 1955) and in the southeastern United States (Baumhover et al 1959) where males sterilized by gamma radiation were introduced into the wild population motivated these investigations (begun in 1962) to determine the feasibility of using such irradiation techniques for bark beetle control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Note on the Occurrence of Anacampsis populella (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Canada

Morris¹

1966

Can Entomol

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Canad. Ent. 98: 1-10 (1966) Sterilization of male and female Ips confitstrs (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) exposed to gamma radiation (Co,) as newly emerged adults was almost complcte at levels exceeding 7500 r and 10,000 r, respectively. Mating hehavior of rnalcs as expressed by sperm transfer was unaffected by dosagcs up to 60,0MJ r. T h e capacity of beetles of either sex to establish was not affected sipificantfy below this dosage, but female gallery pattt:rn was altered above 15,000 r. Longevity was reduced at levels greater than 5000 r. LD,, for males occurred at 11.5 days at 7500 r and 29 days in the controls. Mortality of progeny resulting from males irradiated at substerilization levels was higher than in the controls. The dosage to achieve significant population reduction with minimum effect on longevity and other biological activity is estimated to lie between 60OQ and 7500 r.These studies indicate that this sterilization technique may have promise in the control of bark beetles. T h e necessity for rearing large numbers on artificial media could be circumvented by mass trapping utilizing their natural sex attractant and by mass rearing in cut host material in the laboratory. AbstractCanad. Ent. 98: 10-27 (1966) The faunal changes in the crown stratum of a newly established red pine plantation were observed during the first five years of growth. The crown faunae of three older stands planted in 1950, 1939, and 1929 were sampled throughout the growing seasons of four consecutive years by a tec'hnique employing pyrethrum insecticide.The stands represent four stages in the development o f a red pine community over a period of 35 years, and the presence, distribution, density, annual and seasonal fluctuations, species succession, and food relations of arthropod taxa are discussed.Species colonizing trees in the establishment stage are largely replaced in the transition stage by a species-complex that persists throughout the succeeding monoculture and young-forest stages. Arthropod density in relation to crown size increases rapidly until he trees are about 15 years of age, and then declines. The pattern of seasonal abundance is dominated by a few species. The ratio between parasite-predator and prey species remains remarkably stable throughout the three older stages of the community. IntroductionResearch on the insect ecology of old-field red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) plantations in Kirkwood owns ship, Algorna District, Ontario, was begun in 1959.The physiography and historical background of the area and the development of the red pine community from the standpoint of climate, soils, and vegetation were previously describedS(~artin 1965a). Studies of the arthropod populations

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Entomological Aspects of Radiation as Related to Genetics and Physiology

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Gamma radiation tolerance of a tropical species of midge,Chironomus ramosusChaudhuri (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Gamma radiation tolerance of a tropical species of midge,Chironomus ramosusChaudhuri (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Real-time phase-contrast x-ray imaging: a new technique for the study of animal form and function

Note on the Occurrence of Anacampsis populella (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Canada

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