“…There are numerous reports of inflammatory responses in insects to microsporidia (Brooks 1988). Melanized spores of Nosema stegomyiae have been reported only in adult Aedes aegypti (Marchoux et al 1903) while melanized spores of Brachiola algerae have been found in both larvae and adults of Anopheles stephensi and A. aegypti (Vávra and Undeen 1970).…”
Abstract. A natural population of Psorophora ferox (Humbold, 1820) infected with the microsporidium Amblyospora ferocis García et Becnel, 1994 was sampled weekly during a seven-month survey in Punta Lara, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The sequence of development of A. ferocis in larvae of P. ferox leading to the formation of meiospores followed the developmental pathway previously reported for various species of Amblyospora. The natural prevalence of A. ferocis in the larval population of P. ferox ranged from 0.4% to 13.8%. Spores were detected in the ovaries of field-collected females of P. ferox and were shown to be responsible for transovarial transmission of A. ferocis to the next generation of mosquito larvae in laboratory tests. These spores were binucleate and slightly pyriform in shape. The prevalence of A. ferocis in the adult population ranged from 2.7% to 13.9%. Data on effects of the infection on female fecundity showed that infected field-collected adults of P. ferox laid an average of 47.6 ± 6.5 eggs of which 35.8% ± 4.1% hatched. Uninfected field-collected adults of P. ferox laid 82.8 ± 6.8 eggs of which 64.1% ± 5.5% hatched. Six species of copepods living together with P. ferox were fed meiospores from field-infected larvae but none became infected. Horizontal transmission of A. ferocis to P. ferox larvae remains unknown.
“…There are numerous reports of inflammatory responses in insects to microsporidia (Brooks 1988). Melanized spores of Nosema stegomyiae have been reported only in adult Aedes aegypti (Marchoux et al 1903) while melanized spores of Brachiola algerae have been found in both larvae and adults of Anopheles stephensi and A. aegypti (Vávra and Undeen 1970).…”
Abstract. A natural population of Psorophora ferox (Humbold, 1820) infected with the microsporidium Amblyospora ferocis García et Becnel, 1994 was sampled weekly during a seven-month survey in Punta Lara, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The sequence of development of A. ferocis in larvae of P. ferox leading to the formation of meiospores followed the developmental pathway previously reported for various species of Amblyospora. The natural prevalence of A. ferocis in the larval population of P. ferox ranged from 0.4% to 13.8%. Spores were detected in the ovaries of field-collected females of P. ferox and were shown to be responsible for transovarial transmission of A. ferocis to the next generation of mosquito larvae in laboratory tests. These spores were binucleate and slightly pyriform in shape. The prevalence of A. ferocis in the adult population ranged from 2.7% to 13.9%. Data on effects of the infection on female fecundity showed that infected field-collected adults of P. ferox laid an average of 47.6 ± 6.5 eggs of which 35.8% ± 4.1% hatched. Uninfected field-collected adults of P. ferox laid 82.8 ± 6.8 eggs of which 64.1% ± 5.5% hatched. Six species of copepods living together with P. ferox were fed meiospores from field-infected larvae but none became infected. Horizontal transmission of A. ferocis to P. ferox larvae remains unknown.
“…Ostrinia nubilalis Iowa (USA) dead adult and larva [22] Schistocerca gregaria Egypt dead adult [23] Spodoptera littoralis Egypt eggs [24] Triatoma brasiliensis Brazil digestive tract [25] P. brasilianum unidentified insect South Korea dead insect [26] P. brevicompactum…”
Section: P Aurantiogriseummentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Brazil adult [32] H. hempei Mexico cuticle and gut of females [30] Nomia melanderi western USA diseased larva [41] Parastrongylus megistus Brazil digestive tract [42] Pteroptyx bearni Sabah (Malaysia) eggs [43] T. brasiliensis, T. infestans Brazil digestive tract [25] Triplectides sp. Brazil gut [20] unspecified insect Brazil internal mycobiota [19] V Helicoverpa zea Iowa (USA) dead larva and pupa [22] Ostrinia nubilalis Iowa (USA) dead larva [22] P. megistus Brazil digestive tract [42] T. brasiliensis Brazil digestive tract [25] V C. quinquefasciatus Thailand dead adult [40] Diaphania (Margaronia) pyloalis Japan larva [61] Euops lespedezae Japan mycangia [62] F. polyctena Poland workers [55] Halictus rubicundus India frass [63] Lasioglossum zephyrum India dead larvae [63] Lixus impressiventris South Korea dead insect [54] M. domestica Iran adults [64] M. domestica Brazil diseased adult/larva [36] Periplaneta americana Sumatra (Indonesia) adult [65] Table 1. Cont.…”
In connection with their widespread occurrence in diverse environments and ecosystems, fungi in the genus Penicillium are commonly found in association with insects. In addition to some cases possibly implying a mutualistic relationship, this symbiotic interaction has mainly been investigated to verify the entomopathogenic potential in light of its possible exploitation in ecofriendly strategies for pest control. This perspective relies on the assumption that entomopathogenicity is often mediated by fungal products and that Penicillium species are renowned producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. Indeed, a remarkable number of new compounds have been identified and characterized from these fungi in past decades, the properties and possible applications of which in insect pest management are reviewed in this paper.
“…-In a coming paper Bjorkman (1948) shows that these differences obviously are due to thf tad that older cultures endure tiigher temperatures less than newly isolated strains of PUacidiuni (private commiuiication). r 2.…”
Section: The Influence Of Temperature On the Growth Rate Of The Fungusmentioning
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