Entity-Relationship Modeling: Historical Events, Future Trends, and Lessons Learned

Chen, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59412-0_17

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…One of the widely quoted advantages of the ER Model is its ability to communicate with end users [e.g. 6,10,17,33]. However field studies show that in practice, ER models are poorly understood by users, and in most cases are not developed with direct user involvement [21,22].…”

Section: The Entity Relationship (Er) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Load Effects on End User Understanding of Conceptual Models: An Experimental Analysis

Moody

2004

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. According to Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), presenting information in a way that cognitive load falls within the limitations of working memory can improve speed and accuracy of understanding, and facilitate deep understanding of information content. This paper describes a laboratory experiment which investigates the effects of reducing cognitive load on end user understanding of conceptual models. Participants were all naïve users, and were given a data model consisting of almost a hundred entities, which corresponds to the average-sized data model encountered in practice. One group was given the model in standard Entity Relationship (ER) form and the other was given the same model organised into cognitively manageable "chunks". The reduced cognitive load representation was found to improve comprehension and verification accuracy by more than 50%, though conflicting results were found for time taken. The practical significance of this research is that it shows that managing cognitive load can improve end user understanding of conceptual models, which will help reduce requirements errors. The theoretical significance is that it provides a theoretical insight into the effects of complexity on understanding of conceptual models, which have previously been unexplored. The research findings have important design implications for all conceptual modelling notations.

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Section: The Entity Relationship (Er) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Load Effects on End User Understanding of Conceptual Models: An Experimental Analysis

Moody

2004

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…The ER Model has undergone variety of changes and extensions [10] [11] from 60's to recent years. Schema diagrams were formalized in 1960's by Bachman [12].The Entity Relationship Model for conceptual data modelling was introduced by Chen [3] in 1976.The extended ER Diagram for logical design of relational databases is represented by Teorey et al [13] in 1986 where as mapping from extended EER models to the relational model is discussed by Lyngbaek and Vianu [14] in 1987, Markowitz and Shoshani [15] in 1992.Further numerous extensions for of its modelling capabilities have been proposed by Scheuermann et al [16] and Dos Santos et al [17] in 1979, Gogolla and Hohenstein [18] in 1991.The concept of generalization, specialization and aggregation introduced by Smith and Smith [19] in 1977 and expanded by Hammer and McLeod [20] in 1980.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Articulated Entity Relationship (Aer) Diagram for Complete Automation of Relational Database Normalization

Dhabe¹,

S²,

Asavari³

et al. 2010

IJDMS

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In this paper an Articulated Entity Relationship (AER) diagram is proposed, which is an extension of Entity Relationship (ER) diagram to accommodate the Functional Dependency (FD) information as its integral part for complete automation of normalization. In current relational databases (RDBMS) automation of normalization by top down approach is possible using ER diagram as an input, provided the FD information is available independently, meanwhile, through user interaction. Such automation we call partial and conditional automation. To avoid this user interaction, there is a strong need to accommodate FD information as an element of ER diagram itself. Moreover, ER diagrams are not designed by taking into account the requirements of normalization. However, for better automation of normalization it must be an integral part of conceptual design (ER Diagram). The prime motivation behind this paper to design a system that need only proposed AER diagram as a sole input and normalize the database up to a given normal form in one go. This would allow more amount of automation than the current approach. Such automation we call as total and unconditional automation, which is better and complete in true sense. As the proposed AER diagram is designed by taking in to account the normalization process, normalization up to Boyce Codd Normal Form (BCNF) becomes an integral part of conceptual design. Additional advantage of AER diagram is that any modifications (addition, deletion or updation of attributes) made to the AER diagram will automatically be reflected in its FD information. Thus description of schema and FD information isguaranteed to be consistent. This cannot be assured in current approach using ER diagrams, as schema and FD information are provided to the system at two different times, separately.

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“…A vast number of visual technologies have been applied in the business process modelling domain to capture graphical representations of the major processes, flows and data stores [11]. Examples include Entity-relationship models [19], Data Flow Diagrams [4], Aspect-oriented Modelling [2], Flowchart Models [17], Form Chart Approaches [8], Scenarios [10], Use Cases [6], Constraint Based Languages [11] and Integration Definition for Functional and workflow Modelling [21]. Despite their different visual approaches, most of these modelling technologies and their notations rely on the use of process flow or "workflow" structure to describe the business processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Modelling of Complex Business Processes with Trees, Overlays and Distortion-based Displays

Fan

2007

IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC 2007)

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Entity-Relationship Modeling: Historical Events, Future Trends, and Lessons Learned

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Cognitive Load Effects on End User Understanding of Conceptual Models: An Experimental Analysis

Cognitive Load Effects on End User Understanding of Conceptual Models: An Experimental Analysis

Articulated Entity Relationship (Aer) Diagram for Complete Automation of Relational Database Normalization

Visual Modelling of Complex Business Processes with Trees, Overlays and Distortion-based Displays

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