Entin-Wohlman, Levinson, and Imry Reply:

Entin‐Wohlman, O.; Levinson, Y.; Imry, Y.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.79.2753

Cited by 128 publications

(247 citation statements)

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“…[10, 11] Approximate analytical expressions based on second-or third-order perturbation theories [10,11,12] suggest that the Rashba spin splitting (RSS) is a linear function of the in-plane wave vector k . This linear Rashba model has been widely used to investigate the various spin-related properties of low-dimensional semiconductor structures, e.g., electron spin relaxation [13,14,15,16,17] and the newly discovered spin Hall effect [18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. However, recent numerical calculations [12,25,26] show that the RSS in certain semiconductor QW's deviates from the linear behavior at large k , although the underlying physics remains unclear.…”

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“…As a result, we expect that this nonlinear Rashba model would lead to a series of modifications to the various spin-related properties of the electron, which have been investigated based on the linear Rashba model. [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24] As an example, we consider the electron spin relaxation caused by Rashba spin-orbit coupling in two-dimensional electron gas. The electron spin relaxation process has received intensive interest recently because it plays an essential role in the practical application of spintronic devices and quantum information processing.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Rashba model and spin relaxation in quantum wells

Yang

Chang

2006

Phys. Rev. B

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We find that the Rashba spin splitting is intrinsically a nonlinear function of the momentum, and the linear Rasha model may overestimate it significantly, especially in narrow-gap materials. A nonlinear Rashba model is proposed, which is in good agreement with the numerical results from the eight-band k·p theory. Using this model, we find pronounced suppression of the D'yakonov-Perel' spin relaxation rate at large electron densities, and a non-monotonic dependence of the resonance peak position of electron spin lifetime on the electron density in [111]-oriented quantum wells, both in qualitative disagreement with the predictions of the linear Rashba model. PACS numbers: 71.70.Ej, 72.25.Rb, 73.21.Fg Recently there has been growing interest in the field of Spintronics[1, 2, 3], which explores the electron spin, in addition to the electron charge, to realize new functionalities in future electronic devices. [4,5,6] A promising approach implementing such spintronic devices is to utilize the Rashba spin-orbit interaction caused by structure inversion asymmetry in quantum wells (QW's), [7] which can be controlled by gate voltages [8,9] as well as band structure engineering.[10, 11] Approximate analytical expressions based on second-or third-order perturbation theories [10,11,12] suggest that the Rashba spin splitting (RSS) is a linear function of the in-plane wave vector k . This linear Rashba model has been widely used to investigate the various spin-related properties of low-dimensional semiconductor structures, e.g., electron spin relaxation [13,14,15,16,17] and the newly discovered spin Hall effect [18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. However, recent numerical calculations [12,25,26] show that the RSS in certain semiconductor QW's deviates from the linear behavior at large k , although the underlying physics remains unclear. Since the linear Rashba model is still widely used by the mainstream researchers, it is important to explore the underlying physics beneath such deviation and, if necessary, check the validity of the linear Rashba model.In this work, we find from analytical derivation from the eight-band k · p theory that the RSS is intrinsically a nonlinear function of the wave vector, which is caused by the weakening of the interband coupling with increasing kinetic energy of the electron in the conduction band. We show from numerical comparisons that the deviation of the linear Rashba model could be surprisingly large at large wave vectors, especially for narrow-gap materials. These facts substantiate the necessity for a nonlinear Rashba model. We propose such a model, which is in good agreement with the numerical results from the eight-band k · p theory for various QW's. This nonlinear Rashba model would lead to a series of significant modifications to the various spin-related properties of * Author to whom the correspondence should be addressed. Electronic address: kchang@red.semi.ac.cn the electron, most of which has been investigated based on the linear Rashba model. For example, we find pronounced suppression o...

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Nonlinear Rashba model and spin relaxation in quantum wells

Yang

Chang

2006

Phys. Rev. B

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“…This formalism has been applied to study several aspects of pumping in noninteracting systems, such as dissipation and noise [21,93], and the possibility of spin-pumping [104,105]. Further works dealt with different setups, including normal metalsuperconductor hybrid structures [106][107][108], pumping by surface acoustic waves [109,110], and graphene-based quantum pumps [111]. Heat currents have been considered as well in non-interacting electronic quantum-pumps, both in the limits of adiabatic [21] and non-adiabatic driving [112][113][114].…”

Section: Temperature Dependence and Molecular Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat, molecular vibrations, and adiabatic driving in non‐equilibrium transport through interacting quantum dots

Haupt

Leijnse

Calvo

et al. 2013

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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In this article we review aspects of charge and heat transport in interacting quantum dots and molecular junctions under stationary and time-dependent non-equilibrium conditions due to finite electrical and thermal bias. In particular, we discuss how a discrete level spectrum can be beneficial for thermoelectric applications, and investigate the detrimental effects of molecular vibrations on the efficiency of a molecular quantum dot as an energy converter.In addition, we consider the effects of a slow timedependent modulation of applied voltages on the transport properties of a quantum dot and show how this can be used as a spectroscopic tool complementary to standard dc-measurements. Finally, we combine timedependent driving with thermoelectrics in a doublequantum dot system -a nanoscale analogue of a cyclic heat engine -and discuss its operation and the main limitations to its performance.

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“…A similar identification of local electric currents was made previously. 10,26,27 The Green functions, G Ͻ , can be expressed in terms of the dot Green functions defined by G jj Ј , 28 As a consequence, a general expression of the heat current through a nanoscale electron interferometer is given by…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale electronic interferometers

Cho

McKenzie

2005

Phys. Rev. B

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We theoretically study thermal transport in an electronic interferometer comprising a parallel circuit of two quantum dots, each of which has a tunable single electronic state which are connected to two leads at different temperature. As a result of quantum interference, the heat current through one of the dots is in the opposite direction to the temperature gradient. An excess heat current flows through the other dot. Although locally, heat flows from cold to hot, globally the second law of thermodynamics is not violated because the entropy current associated with heat transfer through the whole device is still positive. The temperature gradient also induces a circulating electrical current, which makes the interferometer magnetically polarized.

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Entin-Wohlman, Levinson, and Imry Reply:

Cited by 128 publications

References 3 publications

Nonlinear Rashba model and spin relaxation in quantum wells

Nonlinear Rashba model and spin relaxation in quantum wells

Heat, molecular vibrations, and adiabatic driving in non‐equilibrium transport through interacting quantum dots

Thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale electronic interferometers

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