Entfaltung grammatischer Relationen im NP-Erwerb: Referenz

Abstract

The acquisition of the different types of nominal reference in first language acquisition of German is closely connected with the expansion of the structural complexity of the noun phrase and the acquisition of determiners -especially the so-called defmite and indefinite article. 1t is assumed that the structure of grammar and the emergence of grammatical categories is based on the differentiation and specification of general cognitive and semantic concepts. The acquisition of the reference functions of the noun phrase provides evidence for this assumption. What could be observed up to the age of three is a step by step development of structural and referential properties of the noun phrase. The course of structural expansion is fairly well known already. It could be shown that in line with this process a differentiation of reference functions by the acquisition of features specifying the concept of reference is happening. The specifying features are derived form perceptive categories. Every new feature provides a specification of the previous stage and contains the features of all previous stages. So the acquisition of grammar becomes clearly a process of step by step dissociation of concepts and growth of feature complexity.The basic feature that is to be assumed here is [+nominal] which should contain the general reference capacity of nouns. The first specification takes place by the emergence of the feature [+defmite] symbolising the perceptive quality of an outside perspective (the reference object is to be perceived äs an outlined whole). The formal structure realising that kind of reference which still remains undetermined is the so-called indefinite article. After some steps of semantical specifications the next step of gramrnaticalization occurs -the emergence of the feature [+known] realised by the so-called defmite article. It provides a specification of the [+definite] domain and the ability to differentiate between undetermined and individual reference. VorbemerkungenKinder, die Deutsch als Muttersprache erwerben, sind zum Ende ihres dritten Lebensjahres in der Lage, Nominalphrasen (NP) zu bilden, in denen alle elementaren Positionen ausgefüllt sind. Sie verfügen über verschiedene Arten von Funktionswörtern, über Adjektive, die dem Nomen als Attribute zugeordnet werden können, und über Nomen selbst natürlich -und sie können diese verschiedenen sprachlichen Einheiten in der zielsprachlichen Anordnung miteinander kombinieFolia Lmguisüca XXXI/3-4

Inappropriate Choice of Definites in Turkish Heritage Speakers of German

“…The target-like use of definite and indefinite forms emerges comparatively late in both Turkish and German L1 acquisition. German-speaking children acquire definiteness distinctions by about age three (Bittner, 1998), and although Turkish-speaking children acquire the accusative marker quite early (Ketrez & Aksu-Koç, 2009) -and in the absence of the pronominal determiner bir the accusative marker may also signal definiteness-they do not reliably mark indefiniteness until about age 7 (Ketrez, 2015;Küntay, 2002). Turkish-German bilingual children have been found to show relatively high rates of article omission in German (Schönenberger, 2011).…”

Lernkulturen - Schriftsprache in DaZ - Grammatik - Sprachliche Anforderungen in den Fächern

“…Wäh-rend viele empirische Studien den (L1-oder L2-)Erwerbsprozess als Untersuchungsgegenstand (Clahsen et al 1992, Bittner;Köpcke 1999, Schaner-Wolles 1999, Szagun 2001, Köpcke 1987, Wegener 2005, Christen 2000 wählten, wurde auch eine bestimmte Menge von anderen Studien durchgeführt, die durch Akzeptanz-Experimente die Natürlichkeit von Pluralformen an Kunstwörtern bei erwachsenen Muttersprachlern , bei deutschsprachigen Kindern (Clahsen et al 1992, Bartke 1998) eine über-mäßige Übergeneralisierung des s-Plurals beobachteten, fanden andere Sprachwissenschaftler keine übermäßige Übergeneralisierung des s-Plurals (Bittner;Köpcke 1999, Schaner-Wolles 1999, oder zumindest keine kategorien-und phonologieunabhängige Übergeneralisierung des s-Plurals heraus (Szagun 2001 Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die bisherige L1-und L2-Erwerbsforschung verschiedene, sogar widersprüchliche Evidenz bei der Erforschung des Pluralerwerbs erbrachte. Dies könnte das Ergebnis der unterschiedlichen, oft unvergleichbaren Erkenntnisinteressen, Fragestellungen, Methoden und Erklärungs-konzepte der einzelnen Untersuchungen sein, könnte aber auch darauf zurückzu-führen sein, dass der L2-Erwerb biologisch und psychisch anders als der L1-Erwerb verläuft.…”

Are there correlations in the acquisition of definite pronouns and finite verbs in German?

“…Studies on the acquisition of German noun morphology have shown that case and gender symbolization occures first on the definite article (Mills 1985(Mills , 1986Müller 1994Müller , 1999Clahsen et al 1993Clahsen et al , 1994. However, the original fimction offorms as die, der, den, dies, diese is not to symbolize case and gender (Bittner 1998). Definite forms like these are acquired in a very early period of language acquisition and are used in pronominal especially deictic functions.…”