Enteroviruses and Bacteriophages in Bathing Waters

Mocé-Llivina, Laura; Lucena, F.; Jofre, Juan

doi:10.1128/aem.71.11.6838-6844.2005

Cited by 87 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In contrast, other studies have shown some correlation between human viruses and F-specific phages [23,123,126,140,141] and between human viruses and somatic coliphages in surface waters [104,140,142], between enteroviruses and somatic coliphages in sludge [82], and between human viruses and both somatic and F-specific phages in surface water [78]. Thus, even if the results far from indicate a clear correlation between indicator coliphage densities and human viruses in water, there is evidence that somatic and F-specific coliphages are more strongly associated with pathogenic viruses than the traditional bacterial indicators and even a particular pathogenic virus.…”

Section: Relationship To Human Virusesmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…However, some evidence indicates that in areas or periods with surface water temperatures higher than 25˝C the picture might be different. Thus, in the experiments performed in the summer [104,105], the T90 of E. coli and F-specific RNA bacteriophages were close; this situation was not observed for either somatic coliphages or phages infecting Bacteroides that show more persistence than E. coli. Also, with respect to oxidation ponds, which can be used for in situ inactivation experiments, it was reported that, in a series of stabilization ponds in the dry and warm desert of Judea (Israel), F-specific bacteriophages were removed more efficiently than fecal coliforms and somatic coliphages, primarily during the summer [100].…”

Section: Persistence In Water Environments and Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Durán et al and Mocé-Llivina et al mixed raw municipal wastewater at a proportion of 2% with either river or seawater and placed the mixture in a dialysis tube with a cutoff of 14,000 Daltons that was sealed and placed at a depth of 20 cm to 25 cm in the same site where the river and seawater were collected [104,105]. These sites were in the shadow for part of the day.…”

Section: Persistence In Water Environments and Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Torroella

Gutiérrez

Blanch

et al. 2016

Water

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Two groups of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli, somatic and F-specific coliphages, have been used in academia as both fecal and viral indicators for many years. Regulatory authorities in different parts of the world are beginning to consider coliphages as indicators of water quality in a range of settings. However, issues such as their potential replication in natural water environments, the cumbersome detection and enumeration methods, a lack of definition concerning which of the two groups should be included in future regulations, and the lack of a clear correlation between coliphages and human viruses and health risks in different water settings remain controversial. This review attempts to shed some light on these contentious issues. The conclusions are that: 1) supposing that they can replicate in some natural water settings, the contribution of coliphages replicated outside the gut will not affect the numbers contributed by fecal pollution and detected by strains recommended for standardized methods; 2) there are easy, fast, and cost-effective methods that can be used in routine laboratories after a little training; 3) perhaps the best option is to determine both groups in a single step; and 4) the low correlation of coliphages with human viruses and health risks is no worse than the correlation between different human viruses.

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Section: Relationship To Human Virusesmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Persistence In Water Environments and Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Persistence In Water Environments and Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Torroella

Gutiérrez

Blanch

et al. 2016

Water

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“…However, phages of B. fragilis might combine some desirable properties from both the coliphage group and Bacteroides spp. Their survival in extra-enteric environments is comparable (or better) than enteric viruses (Llivina et al 2005). They also seem to be the most persistent of the phage indicators (WHO 2003).…”

Section: Alternative Microbial Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the microbiological quality of recreational waters: indicators and methods

Rodrigues

Cunha

2017

Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr

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The microbiological quality of recreational waters (RW) has been assessed through the use of microbial indicators. Usually, three typical fecal bacteria, namely fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., are deemed by legislation and regulatory agencies for routine monitoring of the fecal contamination in RW. However, these traditional indicators have some limitations, as they underestimate health risks and do not determine the sources of contamination. Currently, the increasing concern with the minimization of human health risks associated with recreational water use and the protection of water resources outweigh the actual normative perspective. The potentials and limitations of conventional and alternative fecal contamination detection systems must be carefully evaluated, taking into account the specificities of each recreational water body and the natural or anthropogenic sources of environmental variability. The careful choice of analysis for detection and quantification of indicators in the light of their potential and shortcomings is of major importance for the timely evaluation of risks and implementation of strategies that effectively protect users and preserve water quality. This paper presents a critical literature review of the traditional and innovative methodologies for the analysis of fecal indicators in recreational water and intends to discuss their contribution for the management of the microbiological quality and safety of leisure surface waters.

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“…Moreover, live virions have been detect-HeAltH rIsks from wAter AnD new cHAllenges for tHe future ed in treated waters through infectivity assays, pointing to potential public health risks [5,40]. The occurrence of enteroviruses in coastal waters in both bathing and non-bathing sites is documented worldwide [45][46][47][48][49][50]. Enteroviruses have also been found in rivers [49,[51][52][53][54][55], lakes [56,57], groundwater [29, [58][59][60][61] and in both untreated and finished drinking water supplies [30,38,55,62,63].…”

Section: Enterovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments

Rosa

Fratini

Libera

et al. 2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

112

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Abstract. Among microorganisms, viruses are best fit to become emerging pathogens since they are able to adapt not only by mutation but also through recombination and reassortment and can thus become able to infect new hosts and to adjust to new environments. Enteric viruses are among the commonest and most hazardous waterborne pathogens, causing both sporadic and outbreak-related illness. The main health effect associated with enteric viruses is gastrointestinal illness, but they can also cause respiratory symptoms, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, central nervous system infections, and chronic diseases. Non-enteric viruses, such as respiratory and epitheliotrophic viruses are not considered waterborne, as they are not readily transmitted to water sources from infected individuals. The present review will focus on viral pathogens shown to be transmitted through water. It will also provide an overview of viruses that had not been a concern for waterborne transmission in the past, but that may represent potentially emerging waterborne pathogens due to their occurrence and persistence in water environments.Key words: viruses, waterborne, emerging, drinking water, recreational water. Riassunto (Infezioni emergenti e potenzialmente emergenti in ambienti acquatici).I virus sono tra i principali agenti di infezioni emergenti, in quanto sono in grado di acquisire nuove caratteristiche biologiche attraverso fenomeni di mutazione, ricombinazione e riassortimento genico, adattandosi così a nuovi ospiti e nuove nicchie ecologiche. I virus enterici sono tra le principali cause di malattie infettive di origine idrica, che possono manifestarsi come casi sporadici o cluster epidemici. Le manifestazioni cliniche più comuni sono le gastroenteriti; tuttavia i virus enterici sono in grado di causare anche sintomi respiratori, congiuntiviti, epatiti, infezioni del sistema nervoso centrale e malattie croniche. La presente rassegna fornisce una panoramica dei virus enterici tradizionalmente associati alle malattie idrotrasmesse; mostra inoltre dati epidemiologici su alcuni gruppi di virus che non sono stati associati a malattie idrodiffuse in passato (inclusi virus respiratori ed epiteliotropici), ma che possono rappresentare nuovi patogeni emergenti a causa della loro presenza e persistenza in ambienti acquatici.Parole chiave: virus, malattie idrotrasmesse, patogeni emergenti, acque potabili, acque ricreative.

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Enteroviruses and Bacteriophages in Bathing Waters

Cited by 87 publications

References 42 publications

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Assessment of the microbiological quality of recreational waters: indicators and methods

Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments

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