Enterovirus infections in Singaporean children: an assessment of neurological manifestations and clinical outcomes

Thong, Wen Yi; Han, Audrey; Wang, S J Furene; Lin, J.; Isa, Mas Suhaila; Koay, Evelyn Siew Chuan; Tay, Stacey K.H.

doi:10.11622/smedj.2016099

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The estimated incidence of EV meningitis in the US in infants less than three months varies from 3.2% to 50%; about 40% of the children below the age of 12 months and 90% of the children below the age of two years had EV infections in Norway [ 4 ]. Thong et al found out that the peak incidence of EV infection in Singaporean children was seen in infants less than one year [ 9 ]. The most predominant genotypes causing meningoencephalitis in children were shown to be Echoviruses, Coxsackieviruses, and numbered EVs [ 5 , 10 - 12 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Neurotropic Viruses

Abdullahi

Sarmast

Singh

2020

Cureus

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Neurotropic viruses are those viruses that can cause central nervous system (CNS) diseases with both neuroinvasive and neurovirulence properties. It comprises a wide range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus, poliovirus, enteroviruses, parechovirus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, measles, and mumps viruses among others. Some of these viruses are highly neuroinvasive and neurovirulent, while others are weakly neuroinvasive and neurovirulent. Moreover, some of them, like herpes simplex viruses, are highly neuroinvasive but weakly neurovirulent for the peripheral nervous system and highly neurovirulent but weakly neuroinvasive for the central nervous system. All these disparities are a result of differences in their genomic constitution, associated vectors, geographical region, and environmental factors. Therefore, a successful intervention will be almost impossible without a clear understanding of the molecular biology and epidemiology of these viruses. Thus, we conducted a review of the published studies on the molecular biology and epidemiology of the common neurotropic viruses to make the viral genetic makeup more understandable for targeted intervention and provide the morbidity and mortality data of the different neurotropic viruses for more serious action.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Neurotropic Viruses

Abdullahi

Sarmast

Singh

2020

Cureus

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“…However, it can be well treated with different drugs which were shown to have a very high success rate and these include intravenous immunoglobulin and pleconaril [ 5 , 10 ]. Additionally, intravenous acyclovir and the protease inhibitor, rupintrivir were also reported to have a success rate in the treatment of picornaviruses infection [ 1 , 6 , 11 ]. The supportive care includes pain control with narcotics, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, controlling seizures with antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin and phenobarbitone [ 5 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complications: Many studies have reported significant long-term neurologic sequelae in infants with picornavirus CNS infection [ 5 , 9 ] which include status seizure, chronic myoclonic jerks, poor cognitive function with associated abnormal behaviour, delayed developmental milestone and autonomic dysfunction [ 1 , 12 ]. Psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were reported in children with enterovirus encephalitis [ 11 , 13 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System in Children: A Systematic Review

Abdullahi¹,

Sarmast²,

Jahan³

2020

Cureus

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Viral infections of the central nervous system such as meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, are important causes of significant morbidities and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment will lead to better outcomes, but any delay may results in high fatality with serious neurologic sequelae among survivors. We conducted a systematic review of published literature on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and complications of viral infections of the central nervous system from 1980 to 2019 on four databases comprising of PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar and Medline to give the current understanding for better patient management. This systematic review demonstrates the management approach of viral infections of the central nervous system in children from the point of clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and complications. Definitive treatment remained unknown; however, certain antiviral drugs were proved to be effective. Therefore, prevention through childhood vaccination is the best management option.

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“…EV-71 causes hand, foot, and mouth disease [6]. Both EV-68 and EV-70 along with EV-71, have been associated with severe neurological disease [7] [8] [9]. Much about the pathogenesis of EV-69, however, is still not known since its first reported isolation in the U.S. in 1959 [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EGCG-S Impacts Oxidative Stress and Infection of Enterovirus 69 in Lung Cells

Mohamed¹,

Lee²,

Adams³

2021

ABB

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Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases which cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological complications. An antiviral with multiple mechanisms of action can help prevent enterovirus mediated disease despite differences in the pathogenesis between enteroviruses, including the recently identified enterovirus 69 (EV-69) for which pathogenesis is not well understood. This study investigated the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate stearate (EGCG-S), a modified form of the antioxidant green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in inhibiting EV-69 infection of lung fibroblast cells in vitro. Treatment with EGCG-S resulted in moderate protection from EV-69 mediated cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased metabolic activity as well as maintenance of cell morphology and mitochondrial function. These effects were correlated with reduced hydrogen peroxide production in infected cells following EGCG-S treatment with concentrations less than 100 µM, suggesting a role for inhibition of EV-69 mediated oxidative stress. This study provides insight into characteristics of EV-69 infection as well as the efficacy of EGCG-S mediated inhibition of EV-69 infection.

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Enterovirus infections in Singaporean children: an assessment of neurological manifestations and clinical outcomes

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Neurotropic Viruses

Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Neurotropic Viruses

Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System in Children: A Systematic Review

EGCG-S Impacts Oxidative Stress and Infection of Enterovirus 69 in Lung Cells

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