Enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus: An outbreak at a Barcelona sports club in July 2011

Solano, Rubén; Lafuente, Sarah; Sabaté, Sara; Tortajada, Cecilia; Olalla, Patricia García de; Hernando, Ana Vindel; Caylà, Joan A.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.014

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition, S. aureus was detected in fish at levels as high as those observed in staphylococcal food poisoning cases derived from raw fish reported in many countries 14 15 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The quality and safety of fish and shrimp can be directly influenced by the lack of hygienic habits of fish handlers and contact with contaminated work surfaces, including benches, tables and unwashed knives 14 27 . Various factors impinge upon seafood safety, ranging from contamination originating from the environment where it is caught to contamination caused by the consumer prior to eating 16 28 . The most frequently contaminated types of seafood in our study were frozen marine fish and frozen marine shrimps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major foods involved in outbreaks in Korea from 1996 to 2000 were meat, raw and undercooked sea food, multi-ingredient foods, and lunch-box meals 31 . When RTE (ready-to-eat) food contamination was monitored in Korea, it was determined that 19.8% of raw fish was contaminated with S. aureus 8 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Toxin Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Fishery Products in Iran

Arfatahery

Davoodabadi

Abedimohtasab

2016

Sci Rep

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of seafood-borne diseases worldwide, which are attributable to the contamination of food by preformed enterotoxins. In this study, a total of 206 (34.3%) Staphylococcus aureus strains were obtained from 600 fish and shrimp samples and were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility. We assessed the prevalence of the genes responsible for the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA, SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) genes. The results indicated that 34% of aqua food samples were contaminated with S. aureus, and 23.8% of these isolates were mec-A-positive. Sixty-four percent of the strains isolated from contaminated seafood was enterotoxigenic S. aureus, and 28.2% of SEs were MRSA-positive. The most prevalent genotype was characterized by the presence of the sea gene (45.2%), followed by the seb gene (18.5%), and the tst gene encoding TSST-1 was found in eight strains (3.9%). Of the 206 S. aureus isolates, 189 strains (84.9%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Given the frequent outbreaks of enterotoxigenic MRSA, it is necessary to make revisions to mandatory programmes to facilitate improved hygiene practices during fishing, aquaculture, processing, and sales to prevent the contamination of fishery products in Iran.

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“…In addition, S. aureus was detected in fish at levels as high as those observed in staphylococcal food poisoning cases derived from raw fish reported in many countries 14 15 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of Toxin Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Fishery Products in Iran

Arfatahery

Davoodabadi

Abedimohtasab

2016

Sci Rep

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“…Typing research has been conducted for the new enterotoxins but there have been few detailed studies predicting enterotoxins and their origins. There have been a few studies of the origins of new enterotoxins (Fischer et al, 2009;Solano et al, 2013). The detection rates of the other 3 genes were the highest in quick-frozen food, except for the 2 undetected genes, followed by in fresh meat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of food-borne Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes

Wd¹

2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. We identified and analyzed 5 new-type enterotoxin genes, including SEj, SEl, SEq, SEm, and SEr, to explore the distribution of 5 enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus of different origins as well as their correlations and differences. We examined the distribution of the S. aureus enterotoxin genes and their pathogenic mechanisms. A total of 660 specimens were collected from January 2011 to December 2014, and 217 strains of S. aureus were isolated. The template DNA of S. aureus was extracted. The Primer6.0 and Oligo7 software were used to design and synthesize polymerase chain reaction primers. Amplification results were analyzed by electrophoresis, and the amplification products were recovered and sequenced. Thirty-six bacterial strains contained the SEj gene (16.6%), including 15, 8, 8, 4, and 1 strains in fresh meat, quickfrozen food, raw milk, human purulent tissue, and living environment, respectively. Thirty-one bacterial strains contained the SEr gene (14.3%), including 16, 9, and 6 strains in fresh meat, quick-frozen food, and raw milk, respectively. Twenty-one bacterial strains contained the enterotoxin SEq gene (9.7%), including 8, 6, 6, and 1 strains in fresh meat, quickfrozen food, raw milk, and human purulent tissue, respectively. No SEm and SEl genes were detected. Different types of foods carry different types of enterotoxins, providing a basis for quick tracing for food poisoning. Three enterotoxin genes, SEj, SEr, and SEq, showed the highest carrier rate in quick-frozen food. It is imperative to improve their detection in quick-frozen food.

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“…Enterotoxins (pyogenic or pus forming superantigens) are single chain (25-30kD) proteins which can cause massive proliferation of T cells with subsequent production and release of cytokines leading to acute systemic disease called toxic shock syndrome. These enterotoxins can also cause food poisoning [47,48]. Exfoliative toxins have protease activities causing the cleavage and lysis of intracellular attachment in stratum granulosum of the epidermal skin leading to very severe disease, especially in infants and young children, characterized by the peeling of skin called staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome [49,50].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic drug combination methods for suppressing bacterial antibiotics resistance adaptation

Bhone¹

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen that can cause high mortality and morbidity. Every year, many people die from S. aureus related infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain is typically responsible for severe and complicated infections in human beings. For this reason it is also considered as one of the "Superbug". It is resistant to many drugs and the glycopeptide vancomycin is the only available antibiotic that is active against MRSA infections. However, recent reports indicate that vancomycin intermediate-resistant MRSA strains are emerging worldwide. Therefore, there is a concern that MRSA would gradually become fullyresistant to vancomycin in the near future and newer treatment strategies or compounds that can effectively cure S. aureus related infections should be well underway before our last antibiotic runs out. Plants have been naturally used since the ancient times as medicine and still many plant compounds can be found in the treatment of major ailments such as malaria and cancer. Due to multi-drug resistance problems in clinical settings and the need for newer compounds, there is great interest in phytochemical research because of their hypothesized and proven antimicrobial activities. Combinations of synergistic phytochemicals and antibiotics are assumed to be a new option to solve the drug resistance problem. Their combination can increase the efficacy and the killing rate and the chance of resistance development can be delayed. In this study, the effects of using conventional antibiotics in combination with phytochemicals were studied by using checker board methods and time-kill assays using 12 S. aureus strains. Studies suggested that tannic acid was synergistic with fusidic acid, minocycline, cefotaxime and rifampicin and additive with ofloxacin and vancomycin. Quercetin showed synergism with minocycline, fusidic acid and rifampicin. In a particular treatment option, the stability of the compounds (drugs or phytochemicals) is important as it selects resistance development in bacteria. The stability and the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics or phytochemicals were studied by inducing single-step adaptive resistant development in MRSA. The duration it took to get phenotypic mutant strains for a particular drug/phytochemical

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Enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus: An outbreak at a Barcelona sports club in July 2011

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of Toxin Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Fishery Products in Iran

Characterization of Toxin Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Fishery Products in Iran

Distribution of food-borne Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes

Dynamic drug combination methods for suppressing bacterial antibiotics resistance adaptation

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