Enterotoxigenic methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination in salted fish from Gwadar Balochistan

Rashid, Najat; Shafee, Muhammad; Iqbal, Samreen; Samad, Abdul; Khan, Shabir Ahmad; Hasni, Muhammad Sajid; Rehman, Zia Ur; Ullah, Sami; Rehman, F U; Khan, Ghulam Ishaq; Ahmad, Shaikh Meshbahuddin; Akbar, Ali

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.247701

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We detected nine enterotoxin genes in all of our farmed fish isolates. Staphylococcal enterotoxins have also been detected in other studies of S. aureus in fish and fishery products ( 34 , 57 ). Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of any of the 27 characterized staphylococcal enterotoxins ( 27 , 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Absence of Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Populations of Fish Supports a Spillover Hypothesis

et al. 2023

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Absence of Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Populations of Fish Supports a Spillover Hypothesis

et al. 2023

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“…We detected nine enterotoxin genes in all our farmed fish isolates. Staphylococcal enterotoxins have also been detected in other studies of S. aureus in fish and fishery products (71,72). Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of any of the 27 characterised Staphylococci enterotoxins (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Absence ofStaphylococcus aureusin wild populations of fish supports a spillover hypothesis

Matuszewska

Dabrowska

Murray

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Staphylococcus aureusis a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen that can also colonise and cause disease in other animal species. In humans and livestock, whereS. aureusis most studied, there is evidence that strains have different host specialisms. Recent studies have foundS. aureusin many wild animals, including fish, whose physiologies and ecologies are very different to humans. However, it remains unclear whetherS. aureusis adapted to and persisting within these species, or if its presence is due to repeated spillover from a source population. Distinguishing between these two scenarios is important for both public health and conservation. In this study we looked for evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence ofS. aureusin fish is the result of spillover, through testing for the presence ofS. aureusin fish that are isolated from likely source populations. We sampled 123 brown trout and their environment from 16 sites in the Scottish Highlands. All these sites are remote and have very low populations density of wild animal species known to carryS. aureus, but were selected to represent variable levels of exposure to humans, avian and livestock species. While our sampling methods readily detectedS. aureusfrom the external and internal organs of a farmed fish, we did not detectS. aureusin any wild trout or their environment from any of the 16 sites. We sequenced 12S. aureusisolates from the farmed fish. While they were all from clonal-complex 45, the genomic diversity was high enough to indicate repeated acquisition from a source population. In addition, the presence of a φSa3 prophage containing a human immune evasion cluster indicates a recent history of these isolates within human populations. Taken together, our results support the presence ofS. aureusin fish being due to spillover from other host populations, rather than the adaptation of S. aureus to aquaculture or fish populations. Given predictions that fish consumption will increase, more whole genome sequencing ofS. aureusin aquaculture is needed to understand the presence ofS. aureusin these environments and to mitigate the risk to fish and human health.

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“…Staphylococcus aureus , a well-known foodborne pathogen, can be found even under adverse environmental conditions. Foods that are rich in protein and carbohydrates are highly likely to be contaminated by S. aureus , which causes food poisoning [ 63 ]. The results of the present study showed that none of the experimental groups (FM and SSDM) had Staphylococcus aureus , as shown in Table 5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Effects of Salt and Salicornia herbacea L. on Physiochemical, Nutritional, and Quality Parameters for Extending the Shelf-Life of Semi-Dried Mullets (Chelon haematocheilus)

Chilakala

Kim

et al. 2022

Foods

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Mullet, a coastal fish species, is commonly used as a salted dried fish in many countries, including Korea, Japan, and the southeastern United States. The purpose of this investigation was to develop high-quality products of salted semi-dried mullet (SSDM) using natural salt and Salicornia herbacea L. (SAL). The antioxidant activity of SAL was investigated by in vitro studies. The physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of fresh mullet (FM), salted control (SSDM-CON), and SAL-treated (SSDM-SAL) mullet groups were analyzed. The moisture, ash, and crude protein contents were significantly increased in the SSDM-SAL group, whereas the salinity was decreased when compared with the SSDM-CON group. Lipid oxidation occurred in the FM and SSDM groups, as indicated by the increase in peroxide (PV), acid (AV), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values during the storage period. The protein pattern on the sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed similarities between the groups, while the amino acid and fatty acid contents also varied in the FM and SSDM groups depending on their processing methods. Initially, the total bacterial count was significantly higher in the SSDM groups than in the FM group. However, the SSDM-SAL group had a markedly lower total bacteria count than the FM and SSDM-CON groups during 21 days of refrigerated storage. This result indicates that SAL treatment can improve mullet’s safety from microorganisms, includes beneficial biochemical parameters, and can extend their shelf-life through refrigerated storage.

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Enterotoxigenic methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination in salted fish from Gwadar Balochistan

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Absence of Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Populations of Fish Supports a Spillover Hypothesis

Absence of Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Populations of Fish Supports a Spillover Hypothesis

Absence ofStaphylococcus aureusin wild populations of fish supports a spillover hypothesis

Assessment of the Effects of Salt and Salicornia herbacea L. on Physiochemical, Nutritional, and Quality Parameters for Extending the Shelf-Life of Semi-Dried Mullets (Chelon haematocheilus)

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