Enterocolic Lymphocytic Phlebitis: Clinicopathologic Features and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis (ELP) is a recently described entity and is of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. It is characterized by phlebitis of the bowel wall and mesentery, without arterial involvement or evidence of systemic vasculitis. The clinical presentation of ELP is varied, but it most commonly manifests with signs of an acute abdomen. Clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic findings are often conflicting and misdiagnosis is common as venous thrombosis is not suspected. The diagnosis of ELP is obtained histologically. There is a spectrum of histologic features associated with ELP, which includes lymphocytic phlebitis, necrotizing phlebitis, granulomatous phlebitis, and myointimal hyperplasia. Other features include venous thrombi and acute ischemic changes of the intestine. Surgical resection of the affected bowel is usually curative and recurrences are rare. The clinical and histopathologic features of ELP are reviewed.

Wooden Breast Myodegeneration of Pectoralis Major Muscle Over the Growth Period in Broilers

“…Enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis in humans is the best described. 22,26,26 It consists of a dense accumulation of lymphocytes around the veins and leads to thrombosis and ischemic lesions in the gut wall; the majority of the perivenular cells are CD3þ T lymphocytes. However, based on our study, thrombosis is not typical in WB and does not appear to be a primary cause of WB.…”

Unusual presentations of lymphocytic phlebitis of the digestive tract

“…3,4 Such colonisation in healthy children may lead to later reactivation and overt disease, although de novo infection also occurs. 5 The prevalence of colonisation in children, which appears to be higher than that in adults, is considered clinically relevant since colonised children are postulated to be a reservoir for Pneumocystis. 3 Studies in Chile, the US, Zambia and Europe have examined for the presence of Pneumocystis using direct detection methods (immunohistochemistry or polymerase chain reaction, PCR) in children and reported prevalence rates ranging between 29% and 100%.…”

Enterocolic Lymphocytic Phlebitis Treated Preoperatively with Biologics and Immunosuppressive Agents

“…Enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis (ELP) is a lymphocytic phlebitis of unknown etiology that occurs in the mesentery and intestinal wall with predominant infiltration of T cells [1]. It does not present with systemic phlebitis and does not affect arteries.…”

“…Cases of what appear to be the same disease have been reported as mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disease (MIVOD), intramural mesenteric venulitis, lymphocytic venulitis [1], and chronic intestinal lymphocytic microphlebitis [2]. Histologically, cases of granulomatous phlebitis [3], necrotizing phlebitis [4], and myointimal hyperplasia [5] have also been reported.…”

“…Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal bleeding have been reported in some cases [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The small and large intestines are the most common sites of diagnosis [1,9,14], and the disease may resemble ischemic or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [6,7]. However, due to the lack of disease-specific endoscopic or imaging findings [1], the diagnosis is made postoperatively, not preoperatively.…”