Enterococcus infections in foals

Willis, Andrew T.; Magdesian, K. Gary; Byrne, Barbara A.; Edman, Judy M.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.04.005

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In human medicine, only a few reports describe 3GCRE umbilical infections [52][53][54]. In contrast, in neonatal foals, several studies have described or reported 3GCRE isolation from the umbilicus [16,18,55,56]. Umbilical remnant infections in foals can be successfully diagnosed and treated; however, they can also lead to potentially fatal complications by seeding bacteria to other parts of the body [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistant Enterobacterales Infections in Hospitalized Horses and Donkeys: A Case–Case–Control Analysis

et al. 2021

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In human medicine, infections caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCRE) are associated with detrimental outcomes. In veterinary medicine, controlled epidemiological analyses are lacking. A matched case–case–control investigation (1:1:1 ratio) was conducted in a large veterinary hospital (2017–2019). In total, 29 infected horses and donkeys were matched to 29 animals with third-generation cephalosporin-susceptible Enterobacterales (3GCSE) infections, and 29 uninfected controls (overall n = 87). Despite multiple significant associations per bivariable analyses, the only independent predictor for 3GCRE infection was recent exposure to antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 104, p < 0.001), but this was also an independent predictor for 3GCSE infection (aOR = 22, p < 0.001), though the correlation with 3GCRE was significantly stronger (aOR = 9.3, p = 0.04). In separated multivariable outcome models, 3GCRE infections were independently associated with reduced clinical cure rates (aOR = 6.84, p = 0.003) and with 90 days mortality (aOR = 3.6, p = 0.003). Klebsiella spp. were the most common 3GCRE (36%), and blaCTX-M-1 was the major β-lactamase (79%). Polyclonality and multiple sequence types were evident among all Enterobacterales (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae). The study substantiates the significance of 3GCRE infections in equine medicine, and their independent detrimental impact on cure rates and mortality. Multiple Enterobacterales genera, subtypes, clones and mechanisms of resistance are prevalent among horses and donkeys with 3GCRE infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistant Enterobacterales Infections in Hospitalized Horses and Donkeys: A Case–Case–Control Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…The drugs which had the highest activity against the enterococcal isolates in that study were ampicillin and chloramphenicol (Willis et al, 2019). However, treatment should be directed by antimicrobial susceptibility results because of the unpredictable nature of the susceptibility of Enterococcus isolates (Willis et al, 2019). Enterococcus has been an emerging pathogen in equine medicine, as it has in human patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…These infections vary widely in terms of location or organ system and severity. Multiple studies have demonstrated the existence of MDR bacteria among a variety of equine isolates, and several have shown a temporal increase in the prevalence of MDR bacteria (Theelen et al, 2014; Willis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b) Enterococcus , while a Gram positive bacterium, is included here as part of the intestinal microbiome. It is intrinsically resistant to potentiated sulfonamides and cephalosporins and frequently MDR as shown in a study of foals with enterococcal infections (Willis et al, 2019). The drugs which had the highest activity against the enterococcal isolates in that study were ampicillin and chloramphenicol (Willis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is intrinsically resistant to potentiated sulfonamides and cephalosporins and frequently MDR as shown in a study of foals with enterococcal infections (Willis et al, 2019). The drugs which had the highest activity against the enterococcal isolates in that study were ampicillin and chloramphenicol (Willis et al, 2019). However, treatment should be directed by antimicrobial susceptibility results because of the unpredictable nature of the susceptibility of Enterococcus isolates (Willis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Equine antimicrobial therapy: Current and past issues facing practitioners

Knych

Magdesian

2021

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Equine antimicrobial therapy has advanced over time with the availability of increasing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in horses, allowing for greater evidence‐based clinical decision‐making. However, many challenges to optimal antimicrobial therapy remain and further research is needed to address these areas. There are a limited number of approved antimicrobials for use in horses, which creates a need for compounded preparations for clinicians. Extra‐label drug use is commonplace in equine practice, which warrants continual education of veterinarians about policies and updates. Performance and competitive horses have their own unique concerns when it comes to antimicrobial use and drug testing. In keeping with the use of a broader range of antimicrobials over time, antimicrobial resistance is emerging as an important issue facing veterinary medicine, including equine practice. Another challenge is that of drug interactions and adverse drug events for which there are little scientific data available for horses, especially for critically important diseases such as Rhodococcus equi infection. Finally, much progress has been made in the availability of equine‐specific antimicrobial susceptibility break points. These aid clinicians in interpreting culture and susceptibility results and antimicrobial selection. Even with these advances, continuing education and further research are needed in this area.

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Antimicrobial Selection for the Equine Practitioner

Wilson

Magdesian

2021

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Enterococcus infections in foals

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistant Enterobacterales Infections in Hospitalized Horses and Donkeys: A Case–Case–Control Analysis

Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistant Enterobacterales Infections in Hospitalized Horses and Donkeys: A Case–Case–Control Analysis

Equine antimicrobial therapy: Current and past issues facing practitioners

Antimicrobial Selection for the Equine Practitioner

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