Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment

Abstract

Some Enterococcus species, including Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, are increasingly becoming a common cause of nosocomial infections, accounting for the majority of human enterococcal infections, while other species, such as E. casseliflavus, have also been shown to be pathogenic to humans due to the increase in immunocompromised patients. These infections vary widely in their mode of transmission, symptoms, and other characteristics. Treatment is difficult in some cases because enterococci are resistant to numerous antimicrobial agents. Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are the best-known opportunistic pathogens, but others, including E. casseliflavus, occasionally cause opportunistic infections. This review summarizes the clinical features of E. casseliflavus infections and discusses effective therapeutic strategies. Bacteremia was the most common form of E. casseliflavus infections. Because E. casseliflavus carries the VanC gene, which confers resistance to vancomycin, less resistant drugs such as ampicillin were found more effective in treating the bacteremia. The second most common form of E. casseliflavus infection was trauma-induced endophthalmitis. This was commonly reported in active young to middle-aged patients. Vitreoretinal surgery and local or systemic administration of sensitive antimicrobial agents seem to be key to successful treatment. Other conditions such as infective endocarditis, meningitis, peritonitis, and pyothorax have also been reported as forms of E. casseliflavus infection. This review clarifies the clinical features of E. casseliflavus infection and provides important insights into its treatment.

Identification and characterisation of antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from pork and poultry meat

“…It should be noted that E. faecalis and E. faecium cause nosocomial infections in humans (Asgharzadeh Marghmalek et al ., 2021; Souillard et al ., 2022). Moreover, other enterococci such as E. casseliflavus can also be pathogenic to humans (Yoshino, 2023). These species have been isolated from meat in the present work.…”

Prevalence and anti-bio gram of Enterococcus species in different samples: A cross-sectional study

“…Resistance against ce xime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone increased. At present, the rst-line drugs ampicillin, amoxicillin, and meropenem are convenient but should be given after a proper culture sensitivity test (Yoshino, 2023).…”

Comparative Spectral Analysis of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, Jellyfish and Seawater from Aegean Sea, Evia, Greece

“…Not only A. hydrophila but also K. pneumoniae and E. coli are pathogenic to octopuses [37], and their presence on the skin of the specimen we examined indicates that in case of injuries and other adverse conditions, they would show their pathogenic potential. E. casseliflavus isolated by us is also pathogenic in humans, especially in immunocompromised and chronically ill patients, and can cause bacteremia, endophthalmitis, endocarditis, meningitis, peritonitis, and pyothorax [38].Candida lusitaniae is a rarely reported opportunistic pathogen that can cause fatal infections [39,40]. In our opinion, the greater mobility of the tentacles, accordingly, their friction in the water environment is essential for the mechanical removal of part of the microorganisms on them and, respectively, the poorer in terms of types and amounts of microflora.…”