Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus gallinarum as causative agents of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Sheikh

Case Reports in Hepatology

et al. 2015

We present the case of a 60-year-old Caucasian male with history of hepatitis C viral cirrhosis with portosystemic encephalopathy and ascites with evidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 944 cells/µL blood. Despite adequate treatment, the abdominal pain and elevated creatinine continued to persist. Initial ascites fluid cultures returned back positive for growth of Enterococcus gallinarum. Empiric antibiotics were then substituted with ampicillin/sulbactam. Our case of Enterococcus gallinarum causing SBP is only the seventh case reported in the literature to date.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Our case of Enterococcus gallinarum causing SBP in a 60-year-old Caucasian man with hepatitis C viral cirrhosis is only the seventh case reported in literature to date [ 3 – 5 ]. Despite adequate treatment with empiric antibiotics, our patient continued to experience abdominal pain with persistent elevated creatinine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcus gallinarumSpontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in an HCV Cirrhotic

Sheikh

Case Reports in Hepatology

et al. 2015

“…Other notable but less abundant CR soil isolates included Enterococcus gallinarum , which is associated with nosocomial‐ and community‐acquired bacteremia and other infections (Narciso‐Schiavon et al, 2015; Quinones, Goni, Rubio, Duran, & Gomez‐Lus, 2005; Reid, Cockerill, & Patel, 2001; Schouten, Voss, & Hoogkamp‐Korstanje, 1999); Enterococcus durans , an infrequent human pathogen mostly associated with diarrhea in piglets and calves (Cheon & Chae, 1996; Quinones et al, 2005; Rogers, Zeman, & Erickson, 1992; Schouten et al, 1999); Achromobacter marplatensis, a soil microbe that has also been found in cystic fibrosis patients (Gomila et al, 2011; Papalia et al, 2019); Bradyrhizobium elkanii, a soil bacterium and legume symbiont used commercially as an inoculant to improve the growth of legume plants (Crovadore et al, 2016; Faruque et al, 2015; Hungria, Delamuta, Ribeiro, & Nogueira, 2019); and Planomicrobium glaciei , an infrequently isolated bacterium, first found in a glacier and later in food (Tshipamba, Lubanza, Adetunji, & Mwanza, 2018; Zhang et al, 2009). Finding these isolates is significant for several reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban and agricultural soils in Southern California are a reservoir of carbapenem‐resistant bacteria

et al. 2020

Carbapenems are last‐resort β‐lactam antibiotics used in healthcare facilities to treat multidrug‐resistant infections. Thus, most studies on identifying and characterizing carbapenem‐resistant bacteria (CRB) have focused on clinical settings. Relatively, little is still known about the distribution and characteristics of CRBs in the environment, and the role of soil as a potential reservoir of CRB in the United States remains unknown. Here, we have surveyed 11 soil samples from 9 different urban or agricultural locations in the Los Angeles–Southern California area to determine the prevalence and characteristics of CRB in these soils. All samples tested contained CRB with a frequency of <10 to 1.3 × 104 cfu per gram of soil, with most agricultural soil samples having a much higher relative frequency of CRB than urban soil samples. Identification and characterization of 40 CRB from these soil samples revealed that most of them were members of the genera Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas. Other less prevalent genera identified among our isolated CRB, especially from agricultural soils, included the genera Enterococcus, Bradyrhizobium, Achromobacter, and Planomicrobium. Interestingly, all of these carbapenem‐resistant isolates were also intermediate or resistant to at least 1 noncarbapenem antibiotic. Further characterization of our isolated CRB revealed that 11 Stenotrophomonas, 3 Pseudomonas, 1 Enterococcus, and 1 Bradyrhizobium isolates were carbapenemase producers. Our findings show for the first time that both urban and agricultural soils in Southern California are an underappreciated reservoir of bacteria resistant to carbapenems and other antibiotics, including carbapenemase‐producing CRB.

“…Strain F0488 , Treponema pectinovorum and Moraxella caprae ( Supplementary Table 4 ). Enterococcus gallinarum is indicated in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [38,39]. In addition, Streptococcus genomosp , Capnocytophaga sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Reduction of the Biological and phylogenetic diversity of oral microbiome in diabetic and pre-diabetic subjects

Saeb

Al‐Rubeaan

Aldosary

et al. 2018

Preprint

BackgroundThere is a suggested reciprocal relationship between oral health and systemic disease such as type 2 diabetes. In this relationship, a systemic disease predisposing to oral infection, and when that infection is present, the oral infection aggravates the progression of the systemic disease. Several studies suggested that some oral microbiome constituents are linked to both diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity. This study aims to compare the microbial diversity and population structure of oral microbiome among normoglycemic, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetic subjects.MethodologyThis study followed a case-control design (15 T2D patients, 10 IGTs and, 19 controls). Patient records were screened as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Assessment of periodontitis and oral health was performed to all subjects. DNA Isolation purification and quantification from collected Saliva samples were performed. 16SrRNA hypervariable regions were amplified and sequenced. Generated sequences were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Statistical analysis and diversity indices were computed with the statistical software R, the vegan R-package, and Past318 software.ResultsA total observed number of 551 OTUs. A clear reduction of the number of species (OTUs) was observed in both IGT (412) and diabetic group (372) compared with the normoglycemic group (502). This was associated with a similar pattern of biological diversity among the three groups. Phylogenetic diversity (PD-SBL) value in the normoglycemic group was higher than the diabetic group. The diabetic group had the highest evenness value and the highest microbiome bacterial pathogenic content.ConclusionWe observed a clear reduction in the biological and phylogenetic diversity in the diabetic and pre-diabetic oral microbiome in comparison with the normoglycemic oral microbiome. However, this reduction was associated with an increase in the pathogenic content of the hyperglycemic microbiomes.