Enterobius Vermicularis as a Probable Vector of Dientamoeba Fragilis

Burrows, Robert B.; Swerdlow, Martin

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1956.5.258

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Dobell (1940) was the first to postulate that Dientamoeba may be transmitted in the ova of a helminth. While several authors provide support for this theory (Burrows and Swerdlow, 1956;Ockert, 1972aOckert, , b, 1975Ockert and Schmidt, 1976;Yang and Scholten, 1977;Girginkardesler et al 2008), other researchers report no association between helminths and Dientamoeba (Vandenberg et al 2006;Stark et al 2010b). While several authors provide support for this theory (Burrows and Swerdlow, 1956;Ockert, 1972aOckert, , b, 1975Ockert and Schmidt, 1976;Yang and Scholten, 1977;Girginkardesler et al 2008), other researchers report no association between helminths and Dientamoeba (Vandenberg et al 2006;Stark et al 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The ambiguous life ofDientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission

et al. 2011

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Dientamoeba fragilis is an inhabitant of the human bowel and is associated with gastrointestinal illness. Despite its discovery over a century ago, the details of Dientamoeba's life cycle are unclear and its mode of transmission is unknown. Several theories exist which attempt to explain how Dientamoeba may be transmitted. One theory suggests that animals are responsible for the transmission of Dientamoeba. However, reports of Dientamoeba in animals are sporadic and most are not supported by molecular evidence. Another theory suggests that Dientamoeba may be transmitted via the ova of a helminth. Given that the closest relative of Dientamoeba is transmitted via the ova of a helminth, this theory seems plausible. It has also been suggested that Dientamoeba could be transmitted directly between humans. This theory also seems plausible given that other relatives of Dientamoeba are transmitted in this way. Despite numerous investigations, Dientamoeba's mode of transmission remains unknown. This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of theories relating to Dientamoeba's mode of transmission and, by doing so, indicates where gaps in current knowledge exist. Where information is lacking, suggestions are made as to how future research could improve our knowledge on the life cycle of Dientamoeba.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The ambiguous life ofDientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission

et al. 2011

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“…Although first described almost a century ago by Jepps & Dobell (1918), little is known about D. fragilis transmission modes (Barratt et al ., 2011b). More than 50 years ago, Burrows & Swerdlow (1956) suggested that Enterobius vermicularis may serve as a vector for D. fragilis , and epidemiological data indicate a higher than expected co-incidence of E. vermicularis and D. fragilis in clinical samples (Girginkardesler et al ., 2008). Recently, D. fragilis -specific DNA sequences could be amplified from DNA extracted from surface-sterilized E. vermicularis eggs (Röser et al ., 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dientamoeba fragilisDNA detection inEnterobius vermiculariseggs

et al. 2013

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Dientamoeba fragilis is an intestinal protozoan suspected of causing gastrointestinal symptoms, and its mode of transmission is unknown, although first described almost a century ago. A hypothesis is that Enterobius vermicularis is a vector for D. fragilis, and recently, D. fragilis DNA was detected within surface-sterilized eggs of E. vermicularis. Using real-time PCR, we detected D. fragilis DNA in 18 (85%) of 21 samples of E. vermicularis eggs collected from patients harbouring D. fragilis in faeces. This finding supports the hypothesis that E. vermicularis may have an important role in the transmission of D. fragilis.This paper describes a protocol to wash and surface-sterilize E. vermicularis eggs, with the aim of showing presence of both E. vermicularis and D. fragilis specific DNA within, and the results from 20 co-infected patients. The study has merit as a confirmatory study of the trials by Röser et al. (2013), and includes improvements of the protocol.

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“…The organism is now classified as a flagellate (12), but it has no demonstrable flagella or a cyst stage. The distribution of this organism is worldwide, with reported incidences of 1.4 to 53% (3,4,11,14,17,19,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Susceptibility testing of Dientamoeba fragilis ATCC 30948 with iodoquinol, paromomycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole

Chan

Guan

Mackenzie

et al. 1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Susceptibility testing was performed on Dientamoebafragilis ATCC 30948 in a dixenic culture with Kkebsiella pneumoniae and Bacteroides vulgatus. D. fragilis was cocultured with the bacteria in TYGM-9 medium (ATCC medium 1171). The activities of antiparasitic drugs were assessed by counting viable D. fragilis trophozoites with a hemacytometer by trypan blue exclusion. The minimal amebicidal concentrations of the following four drugs were determined: iodoquinol at 128 ,ug/ml, paromomycin at 16 ,ug/ml, tetracycline (questionably) at 32 ,ug/ml, and metronidazole at 32 ,ug/ml.

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Enterobius Vermicularis as a Probable Vector of Dientamoeba Fragilis

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

The ambiguous life ofDientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission

The ambiguous life ofDientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission

Dientamoeba fragilisDNA detection inEnterobius vermiculariseggs

Susceptibility testing of Dientamoeba fragilis ATCC 30948 with iodoquinol, paromomycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole

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