Enterobius vermicularis and perianal sepsis in children

Mahomed, Anies; MacKenzie, Rhoda; Jibril, J. A.

doi:10.1007/s00383-003-0971-z

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Though insignificant, our subjects who reported being barefoot when outdoors too had 1.27 times higher odds (95 % CI: 0.57, 2.84; p = 0.555) of being infected as compared to those wearing footwear's. Migration of female E. vermicularis worms before egg deposition leads to peri-anal sepsis in children (Mahomed et al 2003). However, owing to its low prevalence; peri-anal irritation did not emerge as a consequence in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in children studying in Municipal Corporation of Delhi Schools of Delhi, India

2013

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To determine the type, prevalence, intensity and the potential risk factors for helminths infection harboured by primary school aged children from selected schools of Delhi, India. Stool samples collected from 347 boys and girls studying in grades I-IV (aged 5-15 years) were examined by the semi-quantitative Kato-Katz method for presence of eggs of soil-transmitted helminths. Questionnaire data on the potential risk factors, associated variables and consequences of infection were categorized as individual, household, hygiene/sanitation related and behavioural factors. Associations between infection and these factors were assessed by multiple logistic regressions. The overall prevalence of infection with any of the helminths was 29.7 %. The prevalence of single infection with Ascaris lumbricoides was 8.1 % while that of hookworm and Trichuris trichiura was 3.7 % each. Strongest predictors for the helminths presence were never deworming (OR = 1.76; 95 % CI: 1.05, 2.95), no facility for defection (OR = 4.31; 95 % CI: 1.22, 15.22), using left hand for cleaning anal region (OR = 2.01; 95 % CI: 1.18, 3.43) and not reporting pain in stomach (OR = 1.93; 95 % CI: 1.14, 3.26). Though the infection intensities were low, we highlighted some of the potential risk factors that increase the susceptibility to these infections. Periodic deworming along with improvement in hygiene and sanitation practices through concerted efforts, not only from the school infrastructure but also the community at large, will help prevent helminths transmission and reinfection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in children studying in Municipal Corporation of Delhi Schools of Delhi, India

2013

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“…The female worms lay their eggs around the anus at night. This causes itching and pruritis that may occasionally lead to peri‐anal sepsis in young children (Mahomed et al. 2003), probably because they scratch themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and meta‐analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition

Hall

Hewitt

Tuffrey

et al. 2008

Maternal & Child Nutrition

312

257

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Table of Contents Summary1191. Introduction119 1.1 The gastrointestinal ecosystem119 1.2 Groups of intestinal parasitic worms that infect humans121 1.2.1 Flukes or trematodes121 1.2.2 Tapeworms or cestodes122 1.2.3 Roundworms or nematodes123 1.3 How worms may affect human nutrition and growth126 1.4 Design of studies estimating the impact of worms128 1.5 Aims1282. Factors affecting the impact of intestinal worms128 2.1 Species of intestinal worm128 2.2 Prevalence of infection129 2.3 Number and distribution of worms132 2.4 Duration of infection135 2.5 Rate of reinfection135 2.6 Summary1363. Factors affecting the impact of treatment137 3.1 Study design: controls and randomization138 3.2 Anthelmintic drugs138 3.3 Intervals between treatments141 3.4 Duration of follow‐up142 3.5 Outcomes measured and the need for controls142 3.6 Initial nutritional status143 3.7 Age of subjects144 3.8 Remedial therapy after treatment144 3.9 Summary1454. Aims and methods of the meta‐analysis145 4.1 Search terms145 4.2 Inclusion criteria146 4.3 Exclusion criteria147 4.4 Meta‐analysis1475. Results of the meta‐analysis147 5.1 Geographic origin of studies150 5.2 Estimates of effects150 5.3 The figures and how to interpret them150 5.4 Sources of error or bias1506. Discussion153 6.1 Magnitude of effects153 6.2 Treatment alone is not enough159 6.3 The Cochrane Collaboration Review161 6.4 Characteristics of an ideal study162 6.5 Implications for programmes163 6.6 Conclusions166Acknowledgements167References167Appendix: Summary of papers identified for the review177 Summary More than a half of the world's population are infected with one or more species of intestinal worms of which the nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and the hookworms are the most common and important in terms of child health. This paper: (1) introduces the main species of intestinal worms with particular attention to intestinal nematodes; (2) examines how such worms may affect child growth and nutrition; (3) reviews the biological and epidemiological factors that influence the effects that worms can have on the growth and nutrition of children; (4) considers the many factors that can affect the impact of treatment with anthelmintic drugs; (5) presents the results of a meta‐analysis of studies of the effect of treating worm infections on child growth and nutrition; (6) discusses the results in terms of what is reasonable to expect that deworming alone can achieve; (7) describes some important characteristics of an ideal study of the effects of deworming; and (8) comments on the implications for programmes of recommendations concerning mass deworming.

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“…[ 7 8 ] Intact skin is considered as a barrier for EV infection; however, direct migration of the parasite through healthy anal mucosa/crypts is suggested routes of gaining access to this site like in the present case. [ 8 ] As the parasite then completes its entire life cycle here, it can be found at any stage of development; thus, knowledge of these stages and their cytomorphology is important for a cytopathologist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Perianal nodule due to enterobius vermicularis: Cytomorphological spectrum on fine needle aspiration cytology with a review of literature

Gupta

Jain

2018

Trop Parasitol

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Enterobius vermicularis (EV), an intestinal nematode, causes lesions at ectopic sites also. Although lesions are fully curable with antihelminthic drugs, patients may require surgical intervention in clinically unsuspected cases to arrive at correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Accurate diagnosis of these lesions on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has an advantage of avoiding unwanted surgery. To the best of our literature search, there are few case reports of EV diagnosed on cytology, but none of them describes the various stages of development of eggs and hatching of larvae. Dealing cytopathologist should be cognizant of them as parasite can be present in any of these forms/stages. Recently, we came across an interesting case of young boy who presented with perineal nodule and on FNAC from the lesion showed EV larvae and its eggs in various stages of hatching and development. The patient responded to antihelminthic treatment (AHT). Morphological clues with a review of cytological literature are discussed.

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Enterobius vermicularis and perianal sepsis in children

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in children studying in Municipal Corporation of Delhi Schools of Delhi, India

Prevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in children studying in Municipal Corporation of Delhi Schools of Delhi, India

A review and meta‐analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition

Perianal nodule due to enterobius vermicularis: Cytomorphological spectrum on fine needle aspiration cytology with a review of literature

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