Enterobacteriaceae in calves, cows and milking environment may act as reservoirs of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes and clonal profile of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from calves, cows, feeding buckets and the milk bucket. A a total of 31 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from calves (6), milk bucket (6), feeding buckets (6) and from cows' rectum (13) were used. The presence of LT, STa, STb, STx1, STx2, eae, rmpA, wabG, mrkD, kfu, mcgA, fimH and uge as well as the antimicrobial resistance genes: AmpC MOX, FOX, MIR, ACT, DHA, ACC, CTX-M-1, CTX-M2, TEM KPC and MCR-1 and SH were evaluated by PCR. The LT toxin gene were detected in five isolates (16.1%) and the mrkD gene was detected in three isolates (9.0%). The CTX-M-1 gene was detected in 13 isolates (41.9%), CTX-M-2 in five isolates (16.1%) and ACC-M in four isolates (12.9%). Most of the isolates obtained demonstrated, resistance to cephalothin (87.5%), ampicillin, (87.5%) and streptomycin (84.3%) with multidrug resistance observed in all isolates. Isolates from bucket and cow's rectum, calves and milk bucket, calf and cow's rectum shared the same pulsotypes. These findings may suggest that enterobacteria carring virulence and resistance genes may persist in the environment and became a reservoir of these genes.

Bacteriological quality and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from organic and conventional fresh cheese

“…The predominance of E. coli resistance to ampicillin in milk and dairy products was also reported by Gundogan & Avci (2014), who justified this incidence by the routine use of β-lactams in the treatment of E. coli infections in both humans and animals and by the strains ability to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases, enzymes capable of inactivating antimicrobials of the class. Almeida et al (2021), when evaluating the presence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae in calves, cows and the milking environment, observed a high rate of ampicillin resistance and multidrug resistance in all isolates. Characteristics that, according to Poirel et al (2018), are extremely important from a One Health perspective due to the worldwide spread of E. coli, commonly associated with food, in which resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials leads to difficult-to-treat infections.…”

First Case Report of Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei in Clinical Sample from an Aborted Ruminant

“…However, the emergence of MDR strains in animal husbandry indicates the important role of livestock in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and highlights the necessity of the accurate identification of species, subspecies and spectra of AMR and MDR for outbreak-related isolates [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] as part of the global strategy to reduce the risk of emergence, spread, and food-borne transmission of MDR strains [ 14 ]. Recently, it was reported that Enterobacteriaceae isolated from farm animals may serve as reservoirs of AMR genes [ 15 ]. However, only limited information is available on the MDR isolates derived from either animal husbandry or wild-life animals.…”