Enterobacteriaceae and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis.

Millar, Michael; MacKay, P; Levene, Malcolm I.; Langdale, V; Martin, Christopher M.

doi:10.1136/adc.67.1_spec_no.53

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Enterobacteriaceae species are the microorganisms most commonly found in NEC [53][54][55]. In particular, feeding infant formula contaminated with Enterobacter sakazakii has been associated with hospital outbreaks of NEC [53,[56][57][58], which suggests that this pathogen may play a putative role in the development of the disease. Hunter et al [49] have demonstrated that E. sakazakii can severely intensify the intestinal pathology in an experimental model of NEC in newborn rats.…”

Section: Intestinal Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts regarding the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis

et al. 2009

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that predominantly affects premature neonates. The mortality associated with NEC has not changed appreciably over the past several decades. The underlying etiology of NEC remains elusive, although bacterial colonization of the gut, formula feeding, and perinatal stress have been implicated as putative risk factors. The disease is characterized by massive epithelial destruction, which results in gut barrier failure. The exact molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in this complex disease are poorly understood. Recent studies have provided significant insight into our understanding of the pathogenesis of NEC. Endogenous mediators such as prostanoids, cyclooxygenases, and nitric oxide may play a role in the development of gut barrier failure. Understanding the structural architecture of the gut barrier and the cellular mechanisms that are responsible for gut epithelial damage could lead to the development of novel diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in NEC.

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Section: Intestinal Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts regarding the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis

et al. 2009

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“…Anaerobes such as Clostridia were more common compared with bifidobacteria in breast-fed babies. Yeasts were also frequently found [20] . The number of different strains was decreased to less than 20 compared with 100 in healthy newborns, and such paucity in diversity results from antibiotic treatment which rids beneficial bacteria and the replacement with antibiotic resistant bacteria in the gut [6] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probiotics on Enteric Flora and Feeding Tolerance in Preterm Infants

Lee

Cho

Park³

2006

Neonatology

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Background: Probiotics are live microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract and benefit the host. Preterm infants develop abnormal patterns of bowel colonization, and only a few clinical trials have reported the outcomes of preterm infants treated with probiotics. Purpose: We investigated the rate of colonization of Lactobacillus and the clinical variables affecting the colonization in preterm infants. Methods: Infants with gestational age less than 37 weeks treated at Ewha Womans University Hospital between March 2003 and July 2004 were eligible. Lactobacillus acidophilus (containing 10⁸ CFU) was supplemented orally, mixed with breast milk or formula divided into three doses a day. Stool samples were collected before and 14 days after supplementation of the probiotic. Stool samples were anaerobically cultured on Rogosa agar and identified by Gram stain, catalase test and glucose fermentation test. Clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: Seventy-three patients with an average gestational age of 33.0 ± 2.5 weeks were studied. Meconium was cultured in 46 patients and Lactobacillus was not detected. Probiotic supplementation began on 3.4 ± 6.8 days, and after 14 days of supplementation, Lactobacillus was cultured in an average of 3.01 × 10⁸ CFU in the stool of 37.0% (27/73) of the patients. There was a tendency towards an increased incidence of sepsis in the Lactobacillus– group (p = 0.082). In the Lactobacillus+ group, a striking increase in feeding tolerance was detected. Conclusion: In preterm infants, with the administration of probiotics, 37% of the preterm infants had Lactobacillus colonized in the gastrointestinal tract and improved feeding tolerance. A double-blind study is in progress for further investigation into the effect on other systemic diseases in premature infants.

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“…Premature infants often colonise with these ''bad'' bacteria. This is because many premature infants will develop sepsis that necessitates the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics [30]. The temporary reduction in gut bacterial flora may be followed by re-colonisation with other more pathogenic or ''bad'' species.…”

Section: Altered Gut Bacterial Colonisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotising enterocolitis and localised intestinal perforation: different diseases or ends of a spectrum of pathology

Boston

2006

Ped Surgery Int

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Enterobacteriaceae and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis.

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Current concepts regarding the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis

Current concepts regarding the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis

Effects of Probiotics on Enteric Flora and Feeding Tolerance in Preterm Infants

Necrotising enterocolitis and localised intestinal perforation: different diseases or ends of a spectrum of pathology

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