Tampio sums up the aim of his book by asking: 'Is it possible to envision a new Left, or a new Enlightenment, that somehow combines all of the different post-Kantian traditions into, say, a poststructuralist political liberalism?' (p. 108). These traditions are represented primarily by John Rawls's political liberalism and Gilles Deleuze's poststructuralist philosophy, but Tampio adds to the conversation reflections from committed Kantians such as Alan Wood and from Muslim thinker Tariq Ramadan. The objective in engaging this array of thinkers is to construct a path for political theorists committed to Enlightenment values of freedom, equality and pluralism to rework them so as to constitute alliances with greatly diverging perspectives across differences in race, gender and (particularly in a post-9/11 world) religion never considered by Kant and his contemporaries. For Tampio, this demands a kind of courage that Kant himself articulates, albeit inconsistently: not the courage to follow resolutely the commands of the moral law, but the courage to hold to one's convictions to think critically and creatively (p. 23), to invent new moral principles.Kantian Courage can be usefully compared with another recent reassertion of Enlightenment values, Bronner's (2004) Reclaiming the Enlightenment. Bronner sees progressive Enlightenment liberalism sunk in a malaise because of relentless attacks from positions ranging from counter-Enlightenment conservatism to authoritarian Marxism and from 'half-hearted' liberalism to 'postmodern' relativism. His defence turns, first, on accusing these critics of prioritizing metaphysics over proper political history, of aestheticizing politics, and of failing to keep clear the distinctions between Enlightenment liberalism and counter-Enlightenment totalitarianism and fascism; and, second, on excusing the racism, sexism and other failings of historical Enlightenment thinkers and liberal states as mere products of their time. Bronner's message is simple: do not forget that liberalism is better than fascism, and shoot any messengers with something else to say.In contrast, Tampio holds that dogmatic attachment to the Enlightenment is a significant part of the problem. We must recognize that the Holocaust and other