Enteric viruses and adenovirus diversity in waters from 2016 Olympic venues

Occurrence of human adenoviruses in a beach area of Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil

“…A similar finding was observed in a 12-month study in the coastal waters of Pitangueiras beach, also in Guarujá, where viruses were prevalent compared to protozoa (e.g., Enterovirus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium were prevalent in 42%, 25%, and 0% of the samples, respectively) (Cetesb, 2013). Previous studies also reported HAdVs in environmental samples with a frequency higher than 50% (Dalla Vecchia et al, 2015;Rigotto et al, 2010;Staggemeier et al, 2017). HAdV-C, which recorded a high concentration in the hereby study, seems to a ubiquitous virus in Brazil and has been reported in several coastal areas associated with the lack of sanitation, such as in Rio de Janeiro (93%: Staggemeier et al, 2017) and Rio Grande do Sul (26%) (21%: Girardi et al, 2017;26%: Gularte et al, 2019).…”

“…Previous studies also reported HAdVs in environmental samples with a frequency higher than 50% (Dalla Vecchia et al, 2015;Rigotto et al, 2010;Staggemeier et al, 2017). HAdV-C, which recorded a high concentration in the hereby study, seems to a ubiquitous virus in Brazil and has been reported in several coastal areas associated with the lack of sanitation, such as in Rio de Janeiro (93%: Staggemeier et al, 2017) and Rio Grande do Sul (26%) (21%: Girardi et al, 2017;26%: Gularte et al, 2019). The concentrations detected in Guarujá of HAdVs (C, but also F) are alarming as they are higher, for example, than the maximum concentrations detected in wastewaters of Michigan, USA (HAdV-C and F, viral load range from 10 6 to 10 7 GC/L) (Kuo et al, 2010).…”

“…The concentrations detected in Guarujá of HAdVs (C, but also F) are alarming as they are higher, for example, than the maximum concentrations detected in wastewaters of Michigan, USA (HAdV-C and F, viral load range from 10 6 to 10 7 GC/L) (Kuo et al, 2010). However, in Brazil, similar viral loads were found in recreational waters in Florianopolis (HAdV: 10 4 -10 7 GC/L) (Rigotto et al, 2010) and in Rio de Janeiro (HAdV: 10 6 -10 9 GC/L) (Staggemeier et al, 2017). Once in the environment, HAdVs are resistant to environmental stressors (e.g.,…”

“…Globally, exposure to unsuitable recreational waters causes seasonally several human diseases (Shuval, 2003), such as gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses (DeFlorio-Barker, Wing, Jones, & Dorevitch, 2018). Although the risks to this exposure are well documented (Lamparelli et al, 2015;Parker et al, 2010;Staggemeier et al, 2017), no information exists for the coastal area of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. This region represents 10% of the Brazilian coast and has about 600 urban drainage channels, whose waters flow into 290 tourist beaches (Cetesb, 2017;Ibge, 2019;Lamparelli et al, 2015).…”

Detection of adenovirus, papillomavirus and parvovirus in Brazilian bats of the species Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium

“…Sturnira lilium adenovirus (SlAdV) showed 98% sequence identity to the human adenovirus C (HAdV-C) L4 encapsidation protein. Studies have already demonstrated the presence of HAdV-C in water samples [45,46], and therefore this virus might have been a contaminant in the sample. However, all pools were processed together, and the biosecurity measures adopted make this hypothesis unlikely.…”