Enteric listeriosis in grazing steers supplemented with spoiled silage

García, Juan Ángel; Micheloud, Juan Francisco; Campero, Carlos Manuel; Morrell, Eleonora; Odriozola, Ernesto; Moreira, Ana Rita Silva

doi:10.1177/1040638715616658

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Several reports considered stress related to changes in diet of cows and calves as being the most important risk factor influencing the prevalence of LM . Historically, the most prominent risk factor for LM shedding and clinical listeriosis in ruminants was considered the inclusion of silage in diet . Several studies, however, could not identify silage as a significant risk factor for LM shedding, which is also consistent with findings of this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Risk factors associated with fecal shedding of Listeria monocytogenes by dairy cows and calves

Bandelj

Jamnikar-Ciglenečki

Ocepek

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an important foodborne pathogen affecting animals and humans. Listeriosis outbreaks in humans caused by consumption of unpasteurized dairy products are of serious concern.ObjectiveTo determine risk factors associated with fecal shedding of LM in family dairy farms.AnimalsFecal samples were collected from cows and calves on 20 family dairy farms in 2‐week intervals for a period of 1 year.MethodsLongitudinal study. LM was detected using qPCR. Univariate mixed effect model and multivariate analyses were performed to associate risk factors (dietary change, breed, mastitis, other diseases, antibiotic treatment, other treatments, heat index, and meteorological season) with fecal shedding of LM.ResultsLM was isolated from all farms on at least 1 sampling day. The average yearly prevalence was 18.2% (98/540) and 8.4% (43/511) in cows and calves, respectively. Heat index (P = .05) and meteorological season (P = .04) affected fecal shedding of LM on a farm level. Meteorological season only influenced fecal shedding of LM in cows (P = .04), whereas heat index (P = .01) influenced fecal shedding of LM in calves. Spring season was identified as the major risk factor associated fecal shedding of LM on a farm level (P = .01) and in cows (P = .01). Dietary changes were associated with lower odds for fecal shedding of LM in calves (P < .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFecal shedding of LM is associated with environmental temperatures and the meteorological season. Farmers and veterinarians should use this information when implementing strategies to reduce risks for LM dissemination in animals and in the community.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Risk factors associated with fecal shedding of Listeria monocytogenes by dairy cows and calves

Bandelj

Jamnikar-Ciglenečki

Ocepek

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…23 These results suggest that this case of listeriosis was related to pasture grazing and not to contaminated silage, as described in other reports. 8,9,19,20 There have been reports from New Zealand of ovine listeriosis associated with pasture grazing. 6 Variation of the DNA fragment pattern between the 2 isolates could be explained by the fact that sample collection was performed 9 d after the diagnosis, and the L. monocytogenes strains could have experienced genetic modifications during that period.…”

Section: Research-article2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhombencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a pastured bull

et al. 2017

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A pastured 2-y-old cross-breed bull developed brainstem encephalitis (rhombencephalitis); Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the brain. In the brainstem, there was perivascular cuffing, multiple microabscesses, and positive immunostaining for L. monocytogenes. Samples of bovine feces, water, feedstuffs, milking parlor soil, and bulk tank milk were collected from the dairy farm. Seven isolates of the genus Listeria were obtained, 6 of L. innocua and 1 of L. monocytogenes, which was found in the pasture where the bull grazed. Both isolates belonged to serotype 4b and were positive for internalins A, C, and J. According to the DNA fragment patterns of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the isolates were closely related. The source of infection was the pasture, implying that listeriosis should not be discounted in cases with compatible clinical signs but the absence of silage feeding.

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“…The presence of L . monocytogenes in BTM has been attributed to fecal contamination of milk by cows fed contaminated and improperly stored silage [ 28 – 30 ] and recent surveys have reported the repeated detection of L . monocytogenes in BTM, feces, and environmental samples collected from dairy farms [ 16 , 17 , 31 – 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and virulence profiles of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from bulk tank milk, milk filters, and milking equipment from dairies in the United States (2002 to 2014)

et al. 2018

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Unpasteurized dairy products are known to occasionally harbor Listeria monocytogenes and have been implicated in recent listeriosis outbreaks and numerous sporadic cases of listeriosis. However, the diversity and virulence profiles of L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from these products have not been fully described. Here we report a genomic analysis of 121 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from milk, milk filters, and milking equipment collected from bovine dairy farms in 19 states over a 12-year period. In a multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) analysis, 59 Virulence Types (VT) were identified, of which 25% were Epidemic Clones I, II, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, or X, and 31 were novel VT. In a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, 60 Sequence Types (ST) of 56 Clonal Complexes (CC) were identified. Within lineage I, CC5 and CC1 were among the most abundant, and within lineage II, CC7 and CC37 were the most abundant. Multiple CCs previously associated with central nervous system and maternal-neonatal infections were identified. A genomic analysis identified variable distribution of virulence markers, Listeria pathogenicity islands (LIPI) -1, -3, and -4, and stress survival island-1 (SSI-1). Of these, 14 virulence markers, including LIPI-3 and -4 were more frequently detected in one lineage (I or II) than the other. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were identified in 68% and 28% of lineage I CCs, respectively. Results of this analysis indicate that there is a high level of genetic diversity among the L. monocytogenes present in bulk tank milk in the United States with some strains being more frequently detected than others, and some being similar to those that have been isolated from previous non-dairy related outbreaks. Results of this study also demonstrate significant number of strains isolated from dairy farms encode virulence markers associated with severe human disease.

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Enteric listeriosis in grazing steers supplemented with spoiled silage

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Risk factors associated with fecal shedding of Listeria monocytogenes by dairy cows and calves

Risk factors associated with fecal shedding of Listeria monocytogenes by dairy cows and calves

Rhombencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a pastured bull

Genetic diversity and virulence profiles of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from bulk tank milk, milk filters, and milking equipment from dairies in the United States (2002 to 2014)

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