Enteric fever in the <scp>P</scp>acific: a regional retrospective study from <scp>A</scp>uckland, <scp>N</scp>ew <scp>Z</scp>ealand

Lane, Rebekah J.; Holland, David; McBride, Susan; Perera, Shanika; Zeng, Irene; Wilson, Maurice; Read, Kerry; Jelleyman, Timothy; Ingram, R. J. H.

doi:10.1111/imj.12644

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In our study, the average duration of illness at the time of seeking healthcare was 11 d, similar to a 1982 study from Fiji that reported a mean duration of illness prior to admission of 13 d 16 . Other studies from Oceania reported comparable durations of illness prior to presentation 24 , 25 . The clinical features of typhoid in our study were similar to those observed in other studies conducted in endemic countries in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific 26–28 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A retrospective study of patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in Fiji during 2014–2015: epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and outcome

Parry

Crump

et al. 2019

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Background Typhoid fever is endemic in Fiji. We sought to describe the epidemiology, clinical features and case fatality risk of blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever from January 2014 through December 2015. Methods Blood culture-positive patients were identified from a typhoid surveillance line list. A standardised case investigation form was used to record data from patients’ medical records. Results Of 542 patients, 518 (95.6%) were indigenous Fijians (iTaukei) and 285 (52.6%) were male. The median (IQR) age was 25 (16–38) y. Mean (SD) time from the onset of illness to admission was 11.1 (6.9) d. Of 365 patients with clinical information, 346 (96.9%) had fever, 239 (66.9%) diarrhoea, 113 (33.5%) vomiting, and 72 (30.2%) abdominal pain. There were 40 (11.0%) patients with complications, including 17 (4.7%) with shock, and 11 (3.0%) with hepatitis. Nine patients died for a case fatality risk of 1.7%. Of the 544 Salmonella Typhi isolates tested, none were resistant to first line antimicrobials; 3(0.8%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 5(1.4%) to nalidixic acid. Conclusions In Fiji, most blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever cases were in young adults. Common clinical manifestations were fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Further studies are required to elucidate the factors associated with complications and death.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A retrospective study of patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in Fiji during 2014–2015: epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and outcome

Parry

Crump

et al. 2019

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Seven studies about resistance patterns in Salmonella spp. in PICTs were identified (Table 3) [18,21,40,41,42,43,44]. The earliest study (1987) about non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) was from PNG’s Eastern Highlands Province [18], where 58% (22/38) of isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, 37% (14/38) to kanamycin, 53% (20/38) to ampicillin and 6% (2/38) to tetracycline.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Samoa between 2015 and 2016, S. typhi isolates from blood samples exhibited reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin and ampicillin ( n = 22), ceftriaxone ( n = 50), ciprofloxacin ( n = 56) and gentamycin ( n = 58) [26]. In New Zealand, there are higher rates of S. typhi in Pacific Islanders than in other ethnic groups [42]. Samoans and Tongans comprise ~7.4% of the New Zealand population, but account for >30% of locally acquired cases [42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In New Zealand, there are higher rates of S. typhi in Pacific Islanders than in other ethnic groups [42]. Samoans and Tongans comprise ~7.4% of the New Zealand population, but account for >30% of locally acquired cases [42]. In 2012 there were 41 cases of S. typhi reported, 50% were resistant to nalidixic acid and 30% of patients were of Samoan ethnicity [42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samoans and Tongans comprise ~7.4% of the New Zealand population, but account for >30% of locally acquired cases [42]. In 2012 there were 41 cases of S. typhi reported, 50% were resistant to nalidixic acid and 30% of patients were of Samoan ethnicity [42]. Table 3 provides additional details about studies in this pathogen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic Resistance in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A Systematic Scoping Review

et al. 2019

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Several studies have investigated antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries, but to date little attention has been paid to the Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs). This study aims to review the literature on antibiotic resistance (ABR) in healthcare settings in PICTs to inform further research and future policy development for the region. Following the PRISMA-ScR checklist health databases and grey literature sources were searched. Three reviewers independently screened the literature for inclusion, data was extracted using a charting tool and the results were described and synthesised. Sixty-five studies about ABR in PICTs were identified and these are primarily about New Caledonia, Fiji and Papua New Guinea. Ten PICTs contributed the remaining 21 studies and nine PICTs were not represented. The predominant gram-positive pathogen reported was community-acquired methicillin resistant S. aureus and the rates of resistance ranged widely (>50% to <20%). Resistance reported in gram-negative pathogens was mainly associated with healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae isolates were reported in New Caledonia (3.4%) and Fiji (22%) and carbapenem resistant A. baumannii (CR-ab) isolates in the French Territories (24.8%). ABR is a problem in the PICTs, but the epidemiology requires further characterisation. Action on strengthening surveillance in PICTs needs to be prioritised so strategies to contain ABR can be fully realised.

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The increasing healthcare burden of enteric fever in a low-incidence setting

Lee,

Howard-Jones,

LN Lavu

et al. 2024

Infectious Diseases Now

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Enteric fever in the Pacific: a regional retrospective study from Auckland, New Zealand

Abstract: One half of cases in Auckland are acquired either from Pacific or locally. Similarities mean that disease acquired locally is likely of Pacific origin.

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

A retrospective study of patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in Fiji during 2014–2015: epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and outcome

A retrospective study of patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in Fiji during 2014–2015: epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and outcome

Antibiotic Resistance in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A Systematic Scoping Review

The increasing healthcare burden of enteric fever in a low-incidence setting

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