Enteral Formulas in Nutrition Support Practice

Escuro, Arlene A.; Hummell, A. Christine

doi:10.1177/0884533616668492

Cited by 34 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…EN formulations can be classified as whole protein (polymeric), modified protein (elemental/semi-elemental) and disease specific [ 6 ]. Polymeric formulas are approximately 45–60% carbohydrate, 15–20% protein, and 30–40% fat.…”

Section: Enteral Nutrition Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sources of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats include corn syrup, soybean protein and canola, soybean, sunflower, and corn oil as well as MCT, respectively. These nutrients are provided in proportions meant to meet the daily macronutrient intake of healthy individuals [ 6 ]. Since these macronutrients are intact, polymeric diets are best suited for individuals with normal digestive and absorptive capabilities.…”

Section: Enteral Nutrition Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semi-elemental formulations include oligopeptides, dipeptides or tripeptides, and medium chain triglycerides [ 11 ]. Elemental formulas contain wholly hydrolyzed macronutrients such as amino acids and simple sugars with low-fat content [ 6 , 11 ]. Modified protein formulas are best suited for individuals with gastrointestinal dysfunction and malabsorption but are generally used second line after an individual has failed a polymeric formulation because of cost, availability, and palatability [ 6 ].…”

Section: Enteral Nutrition Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mechanism of action is incompletely understood. Proposed pathways include altering microbiome diversity, decreasing dietary microparticles and modulating bile acid metabolism [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Additionally, the optimal formula to achieve maximal clinical response is also unclear [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the optimal formula to achieve maximal clinical response is also unclear [ 9 , 10 ]. Wide ranges of formulations are commercially available, and decisions regarding formula choice are influenced by peripheral factors such as patient co-morbidities and volume status [ 6 ]. In this review, we will provide a synopsis of EN formulations, discuss the possible mechanisms of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) action and evaluate the current evidence on EN in the management of CD in pediatric and adult patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteral Nutrition in the Management of Pediatric and Adult Crohn’s Disease

Hansen

Duerksen

2018

Nutrients

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Genetic and environmental factors are thought to profoundly influence the pathophysiology of Crohn’s disease (CD). Changes in dietary and hygiene patterns affect the interactions between the immune system and environment. The gut microbiome is responsible for mediating host immune response with significant dysbiosis observed in individuals with CD. Diet therapy using exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been studied as primary therapy for the management of CD. EEN may cultivate the presence of beneficial microbiota, improve bile acid metabolism, and decrease the number of dietary microparticles possibly influencing disease and immune activity. In this review, we will address the current evidence on EEN in the management of adult and pediatric CD. In adults, EEN appears to be moderately beneficial for the induction of remission of CD; however, its use is understudied and underutilized. Stronger evidence is in place to support the use of EEN in pediatric CD with the added benefit of nutrition support and steroid-sparing therapy during the growth phase. Overall, EEN is an established therapy in inducing CD remission in the pediatric population while its role as primary therapy of adult Crohn’s disease remains to be defined.

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Section: Enteral Nutrition Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enteral Nutrition Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enteral Nutrition Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteral Nutrition in the Management of Pediatric and Adult Crohn’s Disease

Hansen

Duerksen

2018

Nutrients

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Parenteral Provision of Micronutrients to Adult Patients: An Expert Consensus Paper

Blaauw

Osland

Sriram

et al. 2019

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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Background Micronutrients, an umbrella term used to collectively describe vitamins and trace elements, are essential components of nutrition. Those requiring alternative forms of nutrition support are dependent on the prescribed nutrition regimen for their micronutrient provision. The purpose of this paper is to assist clinicians to bridge the gap between the available guidelines’ recommendations and their practical application in the provision of micronutrients via the parenteral route to adult patients. Methods Based on the available evidenced‐based literature and existing guidelines, a panel of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals with significant experience in the provision of parenteral nutrition (PN) and intravenous micronutrients developed this international consensus paper. Results The paper addresses 14 clinically relevant questions regarding the importance and use of micronutrients in various clinical conditions. Practical orientation on how micronutrients should be prescribed, administered, and monitored is provided. Conclusion Micronutrients are a critical component to nutrition provision and PN provided without them pose a considerable risk to nutrition status. Obstacles to their daily provision—including voluntary omission, partial provision, and supply issues—must be overcome to allow safe and responsible nutrition practice.

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Blenderized Tube Feeding: Health Outcomes and Review of Homemade and Commercially Prepared Products

Bennett

Hjelmgren²,

Piazza³

2020

Nut in Clin Prac

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The popularity of homemade blenderized tube feeding (HBTF) continues to increase among enteral nutrition (EN) consumers and healthcare providers alike, citing improved feeding tolerance over standard commercial enteral formulas, among other health outcomes. Within the past 5-10 years, there has been a surge in the development of commercial blenderized tube feeding (CBTF) products. CBTF products promote similar benefits from whole foods like those used in HBTF while being a nutritionally-consistent, easy to use, and shelf-stable option for EN consumers. Research is improving but is still limited for HBTF and virtually nonexistent for CBTF products. This review aims to summarize current health outcomes of HBTF, compare HBTF with CBTF, evaluate CBTF products, and provide considerations for future research and practices.

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Enteral Formulas in Nutrition Support Practice

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

Enteral Nutrition in the Management of Pediatric and Adult Crohn’s Disease

Enteral Nutrition in the Management of Pediatric and Adult Crohn’s Disease

Parenteral Provision of Micronutrients to Adult Patients: An Expert Consensus Paper

Blenderized Tube Feeding: Health Outcomes and Review of Homemade and Commercially Prepared Products

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