Entanglement in Atomic Resonance Fluorescence

Grünwald, P.; Vogel, W.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.233602

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Interference is central to quantum physics and occurs when indistinguishable paths exist, like in a double-slit experiment. Replacing the two slits with two single atoms 1 introduces optical nonlinearities for which nontrivial interference phenomena are predicted [2][3][4][5][6] . Their observation, however, has been hampered by difficulties in preparing the required atomic distribution, controlling the optical phases and detecting the faint light.…”

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Interference and dynamics of light from a distance-controlled atom pair in an optical cavity

et al. 2016

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Interference is central to quantum physics and occurs when indistinguishable paths exist, like in a double-slit experiment. Replacing the two slits with two single atoms 1 introduces optical nonlinearities for which nontrivial interference phenomena are predicted [2][3][4][5][6] . Their observation, however, has been hampered by difficulties in preparing the required atomic distribution, controlling the optical phases and detecting the faint light. Here we overcome all of these experimental challenges by combining an optical lattice for atom localisation, an imaging system with single-site resolution, and an optical resonator for light steering. We observe resonator-induced saturation of resonance fluorescence 7,8 for constructive interference of the scattered light and nonzero emission with huge photon bunching for destructive interference. The latter is explained by atomic saturation and photon pair generation 3-5 . Our experimental setting is scalable and allows one to realize the Tavis-Cummings model 9 for any number of atoms and photons, explore fundamental aspects of light-matter interaction 10-14 , and implement new quantum information processing protocols [15][16][17][18] .A multitude of non-classical radiation effects like photon antibunching 19 and squeezing 20 were predicted in the resonance fluorescence of single quantum emitters. The experimental observations of these effects 21,22 are milestones in the development of quantum optics. However, the large mismatch between the light mode driven by an emitter in free space and the light mode detected by an observer makes such quantum effects unpractical for applications. The way out is to couple the emitter to an optical resonator which enhances the interaction strength of the emitter with a tailor-made light mode. In fact, the experimental realization of well-controlled atom-cavity systems with single atoms as emitters has propelled the application potential of quantum-optical phenomena 23 enormously and, in addition, has enabled the observation of fundamentally new quantum-mechanical radiation effects induced by the cavity [24][25][26] . When scaling these single-atom systems to multiple atoms, relative optical phases appear as a new degree of freedom. As those are determined by the spatial arrangement of the atoms, both, subwavelength localisation and precise knowledge about the relative positions of the atoms, are mandatory * e-mail: stephan.ritter@mpq.mpg.de Figure 1.Experimental setup. a, A two-dimensional optical lattice is formed by a retroreflected, red-detuned 1 ○ and a blue-detuned 2 ○ laser beam in a high-finesse optical resonator 3 ○. A microscope objective 4 ○ is used to image and deterministically remove individual atoms trapped in the lattice. An atom pair is driven coherently with a running-wave beam 5 ○ propagating transversally through the resonator. Scattering from this beam into the single-sided cavity is studied via transmission through the outcoupling mirror 6 ○ as a function of the atomic positions. b, A typical fluorescence image...

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Interference and dynamics of light from a distance-controlled atom pair in an optical cavity

et al. 2016

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“…At the same time, it has long been recognized that some key aspects of cooperative emission, such as superradiant emission directionality, can only be revealed by analyzing the intermediate case of several quantum emitters in distinct spatial positions [24][25][26]. Although a significant theoretical effort was devoted to studying finite emitter arrays [27,28], no experimental observations of cooperative phenomena in such mesoscopic systems have been reported yet.Here, we experimentally investigate cooperative line shifts in a mesoscopic array of emitters in the far-field coupling regime. We perform a direct spectroscopic mea-arXiv:1312.5933v1 [quant-ph]…”

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Cooperative Lamb Shift in a Mesoscopic Atomic Array

et al. 2014

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Whenever several quantum light emitters are brought in proximity with one another, their interaction with common electromagnetic fields couples them, giving rise to cooperative shifts in their resonance frequency. Such collective line shifts are central to modern atomic physics, being closely related to superradiance[1] on one hand and the Lamb shift[2] on the other. Although collective shifts have been theoretically predicted more than fifty years ago [3], the effect has not been observed yet in a controllable system of a few isolated emitters. Here, we report a direct spectroscopic observation of the cooperative shift of an optical electric dipole transition in a system of up to eight Sr + ions suspended in a Paul trap. We study collective resonance shift in the previously unexplored regime of far-field coupling, and provide the first observation of cooperative effects in an array of quantum emitters. These results pave the way towards experimental exploration of cooperative emission phenomena in mesoscopic systems.Soon after the discovery of superradiance by Dicke[1], it was realized [3][4][5] that superradiance phenomena are accompanied by a dispersive counterpart that shifts the resonance energies of the collective excitations relative to those of isolated emitters. The superradiance effects and the resonance shift originate, respectively, from the real and imaginary parts of resonant dipole-dipole interaction between emitters. The collective shifts arise via emission and reabsorption of virtual photons, and are therefore referred to as cooperative Lamb shift [6][7][8][9][10].Although cooperative phenomena have received a great deal of scientific attention, the experimental observations of collective Lamb shift have been relatively few. Cooperative shifts have been detected in a three-photon excitation resonance in Xenon [11] and, recently, in the absorption line of Rubidium vapor confined to an ultrathin cell [7]. In both cases, the cooperative shifts, arising from statistically averaged interaction of a large ensemble of atoms, were proportional to the atomic density.In a different approach, the energy level shifts due to resonant dipole-dipole interaction in the near field were studied in a system of two fluorescent molecules embedded in a dielectric film [12]. Such near-field interactions * These authors contributed equally to this work have also played an essential role in a number of experiments with Rydberg atoms [13][14][15]. In particular, the near-field cooperative shift in a system of two atoms has been utilized to prevent the transition of more than one atom to the Rydberg state, bringing about a phenomenon known as Rydberg blockade [16][17][18].Cooperative phenomena can be amplified by placing the emitters inside a resonator. Cavity-enhanced cooperative frequency shift in a nuclear excitation has been observed in a layer of Fe atoms embedded in a planar waveguide [8]. The coupling between emitters can also be enhanced by interaction with a single mirror. Such arrangement enabled the observation...

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“…Most studies of the resonance fluorescence spectrum from a multilevel atomic system is controlled by coupling lasers [39,40], and the effective control of the fluorescence spectrum plays a critical role in bipartite entanglement [41] and accurate spectral measurement [42]. In contrast with previous studies, in the present paper we investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum from TQDs using tunneling instead of coupling lasers.…”

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Tunneling induced dark states and the controllable resonance fluorescence spectrum in quantum dot molecules

Tian¹,

Wan²,

Tong³

et al. 2014

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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We theoretically investigate the spectrum of the fluorescence from triple quantum-dot molecules and demonstrate that it is possible to use tunneling to induce dark states. Unlike the atomic system, in quantum-dot molecules we can use tunneling to create the dark states and control fluorescence emission, requiring no coupling lasers. And interesting features such as quenching and narrowing of the fluorescence can be obtained. We also explain the spectrum with the transition properties of the dressed states generated by the coupling of the laser and the two tunneling. The quenching of the fluorescence is due to the tunneling induced dark states, while the narrowing of the central peak is due to the slow decay rate of the dressed levels.

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Entanglement in Atomic Resonance Fluorescence

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Interference and dynamics of light from a distance-controlled atom pair in an optical cavity

Interference and dynamics of light from a distance-controlled atom pair in an optical cavity

Cooperative Lamb Shift in a Mesoscopic Atomic Array

Tunneling induced dark states and the controllable resonance fluorescence spectrum in quantum dot molecules

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