Entamoeba Histolytica: Updates in Clinical Manifestation, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development

Kantor, Micaella; Abrantes, Anarella; Estevez, Andrea; Schiller, Alan L.; Torrent, J.; Gascón, José A.; Hernandez, Robert; Ochner, Christopher N.

doi:10.1155/2018/4601420

Cited by 154 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Following excystation, the trophozoites migrates to the gastrointestinal tract where they can either colonise the gut asymptomatically, accounting for almost 90% of all infections or cause lesions and intestinal symptoms including bloody diarrhoea. It is hypothesized that the host's genetic susceptibility, age, immune condition, and the composition of the individual's gut microbiota contribute and can be used as a prediction to the manifestation and severity of the disease (Kantor et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of oxidised (OX) proteins inEntamoeba histolyticaexposed to auranofin and consequences on the parasite virulence

Shaulov

Nagaraja

Sarid

et al. 2020

Cellular Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metronidazole (MNZ), the first line drug for amoebiasis and auranofin (AF), an emerging antiprotozoan drug, are both inhibiting Entamoeba histolytica thioredoxin reductase. The nature of oxidised proteins (OXs) formed in AF-or MNZ-treated E. histolytica trophozoites is unknown. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we performed a large-scale identification and quantification of the OXs formed in AF-or MNZ-treated E. histolytica trophozoites using resin-assisted capture coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). We detected 661 OXs in MNZ-treated trophozoites and 583 OXs in AF-treated trophozoites. More than 50% of these OXs were shared, and their functions include hydrolases, enzyme modulators, transferases, nucleic acid binding proteins, oxidoreductases, cytoskeletal proteins, chaperones, and ligases. Here, we report that the formation of actin filaments (F-actin) is impaired in AF-treated trophozoites. Consequently, their erythrophagocytosis, cytopathic activity, and their motility are impaired. We also observed that less than 15% of OXs present in H 2 O 2 -treated trophozoites are also present in AF-or MNZ-treated trophozoites. These results strongly suggest that the formation of OXs in AF-or MNZ-treated trophozoites and in H 2 O 2 -treated trophozoites occurred by two different mechanisms.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of oxidised (OX) proteins inEntamoeba histolyticaexposed to auranofin and consequences on the parasite virulence

Shaulov

Nagaraja

Sarid

et al. 2020

Cellular Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…People of all ages in developing countries are at risk of amoebiasis infection although prevalence among the ages varies greatly. 1,24 The age distribution was not statistically significant (P = 0.065) in this evaluation and it was as well considered as a determinant of E. histolytica infections. It means that the observed infections were not absolutely correlated with the age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Epidemiological Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infections Among the Patients Attending Nyanza District Hospital, Rwanda in 2018

Callixte

Ayubu

Lestari

et al. 2019

Int J Epidemiol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and aims: Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal parasite and a causative agent of amoebiasis which is a common life-threatening parasitic disease. This study was intended to determine the prevalence of E. histolytica and to provide the primary data about its infections among the patients attending Nyanza District Hospital in Rwanda. Methods: Bottles were used to collect 138 stool specimens from patients. All the samples were physically analyzed based on their colors, states, and the presence of blood or mucus. The wet preparation method and zinc sulphate floatation technique were used to concentrate the parasites. Microscopic analysis was done to examine the presence of cysts and trophozoites. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS using chi-square test and independent t test. Results: The prevalence of E. histolytica was 15.94%. The sex distribution of infections revealed that males (21.54%) were more infected than females (10.95%). The highest prevalence of E. histolytica was found in the age group of 1-19 years old (27.11%) and the lowest prevalence was observed in the age group of 20-39 years old (6.89%). A prevalence of 33.33% was reported among the people who directly drink tap water and 40% of infections among the patients who did not wash their hands before eating and after using latrines. Conclusion: Overall, E. histolytica is still considered as a health burden in Nyanza District Hospital. Therefore, it is vital to control direct exposure to its risk factors for mitigating the occurrence of amoebiasis.

show abstract

“…Therefore, the literature largely suggests that most infections by E. histolytica occur in developing countries, and those from developed countries that are infected are often returning travelers or immigrants from endemic areas [44]. The burden of disease in developing nations like SLK is primarily due to low SES, inadequate sanitation, and unhygienic practices [13,45]. In these areas, symptomatic E. histolytica infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with deaths largely being attributed to complications of infection, such as extra-intestinal manifestations (i.e., ALA) [46].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative to other enteropathogens, E. histolytica has a simple life-cycle. Infection begins when humans, the solitary natural hosts, ingest quadrinucleated cysts found in fecally contaminated water or food [45,49]. It can also occur through swimming in contaminated bodies of water, exposure in endemic areas, and also through person-to-person contact [50,51].…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Entamoeba Histolyticamentioning

confidence: 99%

Entamoeba histolytica and amoebic liver abscess in northern Sri Lanka: a public health problem

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) is a facultative protozoan parasite implicated in amoebic liver abscesses (ALA), the most common extraintestinal manifestation of this infection. E. histolytica is endemic to subtropical and tropical countries and has been a major public health concern in northern Sri Lanka (SLK) for the last three decades. This has been attributed to a multitude of factors such as poor sanitation, hygiene, male sex, middle age, overcrowding, unsanitary practices in the production of indigenous alcoholic beverages, and alcohol consumption. Additionally, while rates of E. histolytica have declined substantially throughout the rest of the island, largely due to better infrastructure, it remains pervasive in the northern peninsula, which is generally less developed. Infection arises primarily from fecal-oral transmission through the consumption of contaminated drinking water containing cysts. Upon ingestion, cysts multiply into trophozoites and colonize the host colonic mucosa using lectin and cysteine proteases as virulence factors, leading to host invasion. Symptoms occur along a spectrum, from asymptomatology, to pyrexia, abdominal cramping, and amoebic dysentery. Colonization of the colon results in the formation of distinct flask-shaped ulcers along the epithelium, and eventual penetration of the lamina propria via the production of matrix metalloproteinases. ALA then develops through trophozoite migration via the mesenteric hepatic portal circulation, where microabscesses coalesce to form a single, large right-lobe abscess, commonly on the posterior aspect. The progression of infection to invasive disease is contingent on the unique interplay between host and pathogen factors, such as the strength of host-immunity to overcome infection and inherent pathogenicity of the Entamoeba species. As a preventable illness, E. histolytica complications such as ALA impose a significant burden on the healthcare system. This mini-review highlights epidemiological trends, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, treatment approaches, and opportunities for prevention of E. histolytica-induced ALA, to help address this endemic problem on the island of SLK.

show abstract

Entamoeba Histolytica: Updates in Clinical Manifestation, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development

Cited by 154 publications

References 39 publications

Formation of oxidised (OX) proteins inEntamoeba histolyticaexposed to auranofin and consequences on the parasite virulence

Formation of oxidised (OX) proteins inEntamoeba histolyticaexposed to auranofin and consequences on the parasite virulence

Epidemiological Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infections Among the Patients Attending Nyanza District Hospital, Rwanda in 2018

Entamoeba histolytica and amoebic liver abscess in northern Sri Lanka: a public health problem

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About