Entamoeba histolytica infection in male homosexuals.

Burnham, W R; Reeve, Ruth; Finch, R G

doi:10.1136/gut.21.12.1097

Cited by 34 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In recent years, several reports have appeared concerning the high prevalence of Entamoeba infections in homosexual men living in big cities of Western countries [1][2][3]. Few symptomatic Entamoeba colitis [4] or liver abscess cases [5] are reported in male homosexuals in Western countries, but many studies indicated that no relation was seen between the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms and infection with Entamoeba in male homosexuals [2,3,6,7]. It is reported that zymodeme pattern of Entamoeba isolated from homosexual men in England were non-pathogenic-type I, III and V [6], and nonpathogenic-type I, III and VIII [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present characteristics of symptomatic amebiasis due to Entamoeba histolytica in the east-southeast area of Tokyo

Ohnishi

Murata²

1997

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Admitted medical records, from January 1988 to December 1995, of 28 symptomatic amebic patients who lived in the east-southeast area of Tokyo were studied retrospectively, in order to find the present characteristics of symptomatic amebiasis due to Entamoeba histolytica in this area. Categorized by disease, there were 14 cases of colitis, 9 cases of liver abscess, 4 cases of colitis with liver abscess, and 1 case of liver abscess with brain abscess. Patients consisted of 26 Japanese males, 0 Japanese females, 1 non-Japanese male and 1 non-Japanese female. The mean age of colitis patients and liver abscess patients was 55.4 years old and 41.3 years old, respectively. The presumed place of contraction was Japan in 64% of the patients. Forty-eight percent of male patients indicated that they engaged in homosexual or bisexual practices, and 36% of male patients who denied such sexual practices or did not answer the question had no history of marriage. Positive rate of serum titre for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA) and human immunodeficiency virus antibody was 42.9% and 0%, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of TPHA-positive patients indicated that they engaged in male homosexual or bisexual practices. Zymodeme patterns of E. histolytica isolated from 4 colitis patients were XIV in 1 case and II in 3 cases. Symptomatic amebiasis in the east-southeast area of Tokyo is a disease which predominantly afflicts males, especially those in their middle age, and most patients contract the disease in Japan. The high rates of patients who engaged in male homosexual or bisexual practices and the high rates of patients with positive TPHA suggest that amebiasis is likely to be sexually transmitted disease in homosexual and bisexual men in the east-southeast area of Tokyo, and zymodeme II may be the predominant type in symptomatic amebic colitis in this area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present characteristics of symptomatic amebiasis due to Entamoeba histolytica in the east-southeast area of Tokyo

Ohnishi

Murata²

1997

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…In the early 1980s, the sexual transmission of E. histolytica was noticed in MSM group who were involved in oral and anal sex. [ 18 ] Since then, it is considered an emerging STI. Several evidences, especially in the last decade, have exposed the signs of sexual transmissibility of E. histolytica .…”

Section: Newly Emerging Sexually Transmitted Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging and re-emerging sexually transmitted diseases: A review of epidemiological evidences

Balaji

Bhargava

Aggarwal

2022

Indian J Sex Transm Dis

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Substantial increase in the outbreaks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and associated mortalities have raised international concerns. Concurrent with the escalation of established STIs, developing epidemics and outbreaks of newly emerging sexually transmissible pathogens pose serious problems for people and added burden and challenges for public health practitioners and researchers. Importantly, most of the emerging STIs are frequently found among vulnerable groups, such as men having sex with men and human immunodeficiency virus patients, which may result in large outbreaks in the near future. Furthermore, enhanced spread of antimicrobial resistance among these pathogens ever more limits treatment options for STIs. Thus, it is the optimal time to consider whether an infectious agent is sexually transmissible and develop treatment protocol for handling new STIs with pandemic potential. In this review, we explore emerging STIs, their current epidemiological status, and future perspective.

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“…Several groups noted that parasitic infestation was common in gay men who had not travelled to endemic areas. 56,Io2,lo3 Another researcher noticed that an area of Manhattan with a high homosexual concentration had an unusually large number of cases of amebiasis; repeated checks of the water supply revealed no contamination . s7 Unfortunately, reliable figures on the prevalence of these infections among gays are not available, as prevalence studies have been biased by population selection and specimen collection techniques.…”

Section: Parasitic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Diseases of Homosexual Men

Baker

Peppercorn

1982

Pharmacotherapy

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Certain enteric ailments are particularly common among homosexual men. They are primarily infectious diseases and include not only such common venereal diseases as gonorrhea and syphilis but also infections not usually regarded as being sexually transmitted. Among the latter are shigellosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. Patients' symptoms are non-specific and seldom helpful in diagnosing particular diseases. The practitioner must be prepared to identify a number of infections with similar presentations that may occur singly or together in gay men. Gonorrhea is probably the most common bacterial infection in gay men. Carriage rates as high as 50% have been reported, and extra-genital carriage is common; this necessitates culturing the urethra, rectum, and pharynx. Procaine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients; spectinomycin is probably the drug of choice in penicillin-sensitive patients. In contrast to other venereal diseases, syphilis may have a characteristic protoscopic presentation. Benzathine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients. Lymphogranuloma venereum causes penile lesions and inguinal lymphadenitis in heterosexual men, whereas homosexual men are more prone to proctitis. The disease may mimic Crohn's disease. Recommended treatment includes tetracycline or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Shigellosis usually presents as an acute diarrheal illness. Patients generally require only supportive treatment with fluids. Herpes simplex viral infection is difficult to diagnose and has several different presentations, including lumbosacral radiculomyelopathy. Symptomatic treatment with sitz baths, anesthetic ointment, and analgesics is recommended. Venereal warts are believed to be caused by the same virus that causes verrucous warts; they are usually found in the anal canal or around the anal orifice. They are commonly treated with 25% podophyllin solution. Parasitic infections include giardiasis, amebiasis, and pinworm infections. Metronidazole may be used in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis and amebiasis, but it is not approved for the former indication; quinacrine is approved for giardiasis. Pinworm infestation may be treated with pyrantel pamoate or mebendazole. Cure of enteric diseases in homosexual men must be documented.

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Entamoeba histolytica infection in male homosexuals.

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Present characteristics of symptomatic amebiasis due to Entamoeba histolytica in the east-southeast area of Tokyo

Present characteristics of symptomatic amebiasis due to Entamoeba histolytica in the east-southeast area of Tokyo

Emerging and re-emerging sexually transmitted diseases: A review of epidemiological evidences

Enteric Diseases of Homosexual Men

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