ENT mucormycosis. Report of 4 cases

Abstract

Otorhinolaryngologic mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection, which needs to be borne in mind. Rhinocerebral lesions are the most common clinical manifestations. Involvement of the ear is very rare. Diagnosis is often difficult, but should be as early as possible. Treatment, initiated urgently, associates antifungal treatment, surgical resection and control of risk factors. The prognosis remains in all cases severe.

A meta‐analysis of survival factors in rhino‐orbital‐cerebral mucormycosis—has anything changed in the past 20 years?

“…In total, 210 case reports were identified from the literature search and reviewed, of which 175 contained sufficient clinical data to be analysed. These were derived from a total of 140 papers (some papers contained multiple case reports) . Larger case series were usually excluded due to a lack of chronological data (refer to Figure for PRISMA flow diagram).…”

Orbital mucormycosis in immunocompetent children; review of risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment approach

“…The standard approach for the treatment of mucormycosis usually based on the combination of liposomal amphotericin B, timely surgical debridement of involved tissues (especially in sinu-orbital and cutaneous forms), and finally control of underlying conditions [ 19 , 36 , 37 ]. Liposomal formulation of amphotericin is preferred, when available, to reduce the risk of infusion-related reaction and nephrotoxicity [ 38 ].…”

A Case Report of Complete Resolution of Auricular Mucormycosis in an 18-Month-Old Diabetic Child

“…It is worth noting that she developed an anaphylactic shock while on amphotericin B unlike our patient who tolerated the drug extremely well. Furthermore, she was operated on but died four days later due to complication of sepsis, lateral sinus thrombosis, and multiorgan failure [ 3 ]. Compared to our patient, she had a very good postoperative course and was better with the combination therapy that we initiated and monitored closely with careful tittering.…”

“…It is the immunocompromised status of diabetic individuals that makes them more susceptible to such an aggressive infection as they can be prone to impaired phagocytic function which may occur during the ketoacidosis state [ 1 , 2 ]. The fungal spore's inoculation that deposit in the cutaneous part of the body is hypothesized to be often occurring from the result of injury, while some report it as an air-borne type of transmission pathogen [ 2 , 3 ].…”

“…Mucormycosis infection is usually found predominantly in paranasal sinuses, while other places such as the gastrointestinal tract or cutaneous areas of the body are very rarely reported [ 3 ]. Due to the aggressiveness of the fungi, once the infection appears in the external auditory canal or the pinna, it is classified as a malignant otitis externa (MOE) until proven otherwise [ 4 ].…”