ent-Kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata: In vitro activity against bacteria responsible for dental caries

Abstract

Many studies have reported that medicinal plant extracts can inhibit oral pathogen growth or adhesion to surfaces and therefore reduce dental caries formation. The addition of these extracts to oral products like mouthwashes and dentifrices is considered an important strategy in caries control. In this sense, we have developed a Mikania glomerata extract with high ent-kaurenoic acid content (KAMg). So, this work describes the preparation of such extract and the development of a validated HPLC-DAD method to determine its ent-kaurenoic acid (KA) content. Herein it is also described the KAMg in vitro antibacterial evaluation against several cariogenic bacteria in comparison with KA and the investigation of further aspects of the KAMg activity. Toxicological aspects of the developed extract were evaluated by assessing its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. KA and a KA-rich extract like KAMg showed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms responsible for dental caries at relatively low MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) values, albeit not as low as the MIC value obtained for chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD), the golden anticariogenic standard approved by the American Dental Association Council on Dental Therapeutics. However, KAMg was more effective to inhibit the formation of a Streptococcus mutans biofilm with four times lower MICB50 (minimum inhibitory concentration that reduces 50% of the biofilm) value as compared with CHD. Taking into account all these data and considering the absence of genotoxic and cytotoxic activity under the tested conditions, it is suggested that KAMg is a natural product to be considered as active ingredient in oral care products.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of flowers from Banisteriopsis campestris (A. Juss.) Little

“…Recent studies have shown that diterpenes are very effective in inhibiting different microorganisms, including oral pathogens. 44,57 The diterpene, phytol, although not abundant in B. campestris flower oil, may be an important contributor to the activity, since its role in antibacterial activity against oral microorganisms has already been described. 44,51 The EO of the B. campestris flower showed very strong to moderate activity against all the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria tested and could be a natural alternative in the prevention of diseases caused by oral microorganisms.…”

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the ent-kaurenoic acid and ent-kaurenoic acid enriched Mikania glomerata extract in V79

“…KAMg was prepared and characterized as described by Moreira et al (2016). The KA content in the extract was determined after the development and validation of a reverse-phase HPLC analytical method, which corresponded to about 48% of KA content in KAMg (Moreira et al 2016). The KA samples used in this work were obtained from the leaves of M. glomerata just as described by Soares et al (2019).…”

“…In a recent study, our research group described the entkaurenoic acid-rich extract from M. glomerata Sprengel (KAMg) as a new proposal of antimicrobial products for oral care. The results presented by the authors showed that KAMg was effective in inhibiting the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm (Moreira et al 2016). In view of the biological potential of this extract and its major component (ent-kaurenoic acid -KA - Figure 1), the present study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of KAMg through the clonogenic efficiency assay and the genotoxic potential of KAMg and KA in the V79 (Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts) cell line through the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay.…”

Development and Validation of a Rapid and Reliable RP-HPLC-PDA Method for the Quantification of Six Diterpenes in Copaifera duckei, Copaifera reticulata and Copaifera multijuga Oleoresins

“…25,27 Briefly, the selected operational factors related to the chromatographic method were: mobile phase flow rate (Flow), column oven temperature (Temp. ), percentage of organic solvent in the mobile phase (B, in %), detection wavelength (λ), and volume of injected samples (Inj.).…”