Ensuring the longevity of WirelessHART devices in industrial automation and control systems using distinct native attribute fingerprinting

Effects of RF Signal Eventization Encoding on Device Classification Performance

“…WirelessHART Signals in Section 2.1-provides details for the WirelessHART adapters being discriminated, the Frequency-Hopped Time Division Multiple Access (FH-TDMA) process used to add multi-channel Cross-Channel Interference (CCI) effects, and the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise (SINR) ratio scaling process used to induce varying channel effects. The use of CCI-laden bursts here for the initial demonstration was (i) a matter of experimental convenience given that the single-channel Wire-lessHART bursts and the FH-TDMA process for coherently combining them were available [14]; and (ii) it was believed that discrimination using CCI-laden bursts presented a greater challenge when compared with single-channel discrimination; 2.…”

“…RF signal "eventization" holds promise for decreasing the overall required power by reducing the amount of data required by downstream processes. For RF fingerprinting applications [14], this includes reducing the amount of data required for fingerprint generation and device discrimination by using features extracted from information-bearing event data.…”

“…This includes comparing non-eventized and eventized RF fingerprinting performance using features from experimentally collected signals for eight WirelessHART devices-some of the same devices that are proliferating throughout various OT application spaces. The WirelessHART signals are adopted from [14] and are representative of communications using Frequency-Hopped, Time Division Multiple Access (FH-TDMA) to provide multi-user, multi-channel operation. The WirelessHART FH-TDMA demonstration signals include the effects of multi-device, multichannel interference, which significantly increases the fingerprint discrimination challenge when compared with single-device, single-channel operation.…”

“…The experimental signals used here for eventization demonstrations were originally collected in support of work in [13] and subsequently processed to support work in [14] that added multi-channel Cross-Channel Interference (CCI) effects. Selected experimental collection details from these previous works are included here for completeness.…”

“…. ., D8) used for demonstration [13,14] showing two different manufacturers and models with the indicated serial number (S/N). As illustrated in Figure 1, the devices communicate directly with an Emerson 1410 gateway [33] one at a time while a USRP X310 Software Defined Radio (SDR) [34] collects the device emissions.…”