Ensuring the Economic Security of Ukraine in the Aspect of the Association Agreement Between the EU

Abstract

The study characterizes economic security as a set of conditions that are necessary to ensure the normal economic development of the country and restore the gap in development in comparison with European countries during Ukraine's integration into the EU. It is shown that ensuring economic security is an important function of the state. The problem of economic security arises not only from the definition of the internal policy of the state, but also determines the issues of foreign strategy. The necessity of calculating the main safety criteria has been proved, allowing to anticipate possible dangers, determine potential current and future damage and take preventive measures. Stability and development require a dynamic approach to solving the problem of economic security. This is mainly due to the rapid change in indicators of economic security and indicators with a change in the operating conditions of international, political, economic, market and other systems. The urgency of solving the problems of economic security is based on the need to get rid of the dependence of the national economy on the level of competition in world markets. This is due to the emergence of serious economic risks arising when the actual values ​​of economic security indicators go beyond the threshold levels. The current level of economic security has been investigated by calculating indicators that characterize all sectors of the national economy. The most problematic areas requiring immediate response have been identified. The presented methodology for calculating the integral indicator of the economic security of Ukraine quite accurately describes the current state of the national economy and can be practically applicable to domestic and foreign government bodies in the analysis of critical vulnerabilities of national economic security.

Spatio-Temporal Differences in Economic Security of the Prefecture-Level Cities in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Region of China: Based on a Triple-Dimension Analytical Framework of Economic Geography

“…The per capita retail sales of consumer goods are used to characterize the potential of the regional internal market. Foreign trade, as an external demand, is generally measured as investment [ 33 ], the proportion of FDI in GDP, export structure [ 29 ], foreign trade dependence [ 64 ], cross-border investment [ 24 ], etc. Due to data scarcity, the distance from border ports, instead of the indicators above, is used to measure the potential of foreign trade.…”

“…Secondly, the factors that affect economic security come from both inside and outside a region. The internal factors are represented by indicators including GDP growth rate [ 23 , 29 ], inflation rate [ 29 , 30 ], family saving and asset accumulation [ 32 ], employment or unemployment rate [ 2 , 30 , 31 ], industrial structure [ 29 , 33 ], government procurement of public services [ 22 ], investment in fixed assets [ 23 ], residents’ income [ 2 , 30 ], etc. The external factors mainly reflect the dependence of a country/region on the global economy or its competitiveness in the global economic system, which involves foreign investment and import and export trade, and some specific indicators, including the proportion of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in GDP [ 31 , 33 ], import index [ 23 , 31 ], export index [ 29 , 33 ], cross-border investment [ 24 ], foreign trade [ 30 ], foreign debts and liabilities [ 23 ], as well as comprehensive indicators reflecting the level of globalization, such as globalization index, global competitiveness (e.g., the effective integration of countries in the global value chain and their competitive advantages in key economic fields [ 2 ]), and global cooperation (e.g., the framework of regional economic cooperation and integration dealing with traditional and non-traditional issues [ 24 ]).…”

“…Foreign debt [ 23 ] can make up for a shortage of local economic development funds. Import trade can expand the market of local products, introduce new technologies and new demands, stimulate the upgrading of local production technologies, and improve the competitiveness of the local economy [ 30 , 33 ]. These market elements can enhance the strength and competitiveness of the local economy, but if there is excessive reliance on foreign markets or domestic external markets, a global economic crisis or a large-scale public health incident will reduce investment behavior, and the shrinking of the market will have a devastating impact on local RES.…”

Investigating the Impact of Structural Changes: The Socio-Economic Security Framework

“…It is shown that now it is necessary to define the economic security of the state as a certain community of factors that ensure adequate development of the social and economic spheres and reduce the backlog of Ukraine and the eurozone countries. The determinants are presented that determine the main directions for analyzing the current state and directions for the development of the national system of socio-economic security (Mohilevskyi, L. et al 2021). The authors have developed the structure of the model of strategic planning of national economic security, which includes several levels, such as main goal, areas of national economic security, threats, concept, strategy, program, plan, activities.…”