Ensiling Characteristics and the <italic>In situ</italic> Nutrient Degradability of a By-product Feed-based Silage

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the ensiling characteristics and the in situ degradability of a by-product feed (BF)-based silage. Before ensilation, the BF-based mixture was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial inoculant on a wet basis and ensiled for up to 4 weeks. The BF-based silage contained on average 39.3% moisture, 13.4% crude protein (CP), and 52.2% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 49% total digestible nutrient, and 37.8% physically effective NDF1.18 on a dry matter (DM) basis. Ensiling the BF-based silage for up to 4 weeks affected (p<0.01) the chemical composition to a small extent, increased (p<0.05) the lactic acid and NH3-N content, and decreased (p<0.05) both the total bacterial and lactic acid bacterial counts from 109 to 108 cfu/g when compared to that before ensiling. These parameters indicated that the silage was fermented and stored well during the 4-week ensiling period. Compared with rice or ryegrass straws, the BF-based silage had a higher (p<0.05) water-soluble and filterable fraction, a lower insoluble degradable DM and CP fraction (p<0.05), a lower digestible NDF (p<0.05) fraction, a higher (p<0.05) DM and CP disappearance and degradability rate, and a lower (p<0.05) NDF disappearance and degradability rate. These results indicated that cheap, good-quality BF-based roughage could be produced by ensiling SMS, RPB, rice bran, and a minimal amount of straw.

Rumen fermentation and digestibility of spent mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) substrate inoculated with Lactobacillus brevis for Hanwoo steers

“…In addition, previous studies showed that Lactobacillus spp. inoculated into SMS can improve fermentation, preservation and digestibility of SMS (Muck et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2014). However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the efficacy of LAB inoculation into SMS on ruminal fermentation and digestibility in Korean native Hanwoo cattle.…”

“…et al (2007) reported that LAB inoculation seemed to affect in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics. Kim et al (2014) (Muck et al, 2007;Kim et al 2014) was different from LAB used in our study. The use of different LAB inoculants may lead to different results in ruminal fermentation characteristics.…”

“…The original mushroom substrate consisted of 50% corn cob, 35% beet pulp, and 15% kapok meal. Regarding the microbial inoculants, LAB (donated by Dr. WS Kwak) was grown on De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) broth (Difco Laboratories Inc., Detroit, MI, USA) at 37 °C for 24 h and then inoculated into SMS by modification of the method by Kim et al (2014;2015). Briefly, 97% SMSP was mixed with 2% rice bran, 0.5% molasses and 0.5% (v/w) LAB, and then approximately 20 Kg of the mixture was packed into two folds of polyvinyl-bags and sealed.…”

Effects of by-product feed-based silage on feeding, rumination, and excretion in growing Hanwoo heifers

“…In our previous study [6], cheap and high quality BF-based roughage was successfully manufactured by ensiling spent mushroom substrate (SMS), recycled poultry bedding (RPB), rice bran, minimal straw with added molasses, and highly cellulolytic microbes, which were isolated from the SMS [7]. The silage exhibited favorable ensiling characteristics as well as higher degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) compared to RS or ryegrass straw [6].…”

Effect of Feeding a By-product Feeds-based Silage (Biosilage®) on Behavior Pattern of Growing Hanwoo Steers

“…최근에 부산물사료(버섯재배부산물, 재활용양계깔개, 미 강 등)를 주원료로 하여 양질의 발효부산물 조사료 제조에 대한 연구가 행하여졌다 (Kim et al, 2014). 이의 주원료의 하나로 이용되는 고섬유성 버섯재배부산물(spent mushroom substrate, SMS)은 년간 약 97만 톤이 발생되며, 이를 이용 해 SMS 주원료의 사일리지를 제조하면 연간 약 194만 톤 의 부산물 조사료 생산이 가능하다고 하였다 (Kim, 2007).…”