“…To anticipate the sparse scores rating, µ, B u , B i , p u , and q T i are integrated in numerous mathematical equations such as those in temporal approaches (Koren, 2009;Ye & Eskenazi, 2014) and factorization methods (Al-Hadi et al, 2016;Han et al, 2018;Yuan, Zahir & Yang, 2019). For instance, the baseline factor and the distance between rating scores and baseline values of neighbors who supply their rating scores for each product are combined by the neighbors based baseline method (Bell & Koren, 2007) as presented in Eq.…”