Enrichment Value of Yeast-malate Fermented Cassava Pulp and Cassava Hay as Protein Source Replace Soybean Meal in Concentrate on Rumen Ecology in Crossbred Native Cattle

Khampa, Sittisak; Ittharat, Sommas; Koatdoke, Uthai

doi:10.3923/pjn.2011.1126.1131

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The media solution was autoclaved at 121 °C for 15 min to allow the media solution to cool down to room temperature before the addition of 70% H 2 SO 4 to adjust the pH to 3.5 [ 10 ]. The pH levels of the fermentation media with isolated yeast and that of the sugarcane molasses with urea were measured by a glass electrode pH meter (Hanna Instruments, Inc., Woonsocket, RI, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of S. cerevisiae to fermented durian hull and ethanol waste (from cassava pulp) could enhance rumen fermentation, increase the ruminal bacteria population, and the average daily gain (ADG) of crossbred Brahman-Thai native cattle [ 8 , 9 ]. In addition, S. cerevisiae (plus malic acid) fermented with cassava pulp was suggested as a 50% replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in a concentrate diet for crossbred Brahman-Thai native beef cattle [ 10 ]. This achievement is attributable to the proliferation of the yeast cells and amino acids supply to the animal [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and Characterization of Yeasts from Rumen Fluids for Potential Use as Additives in Ruminant Feeding

Suntara

Cherdthong

Wanapat

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast strain often used to improve the feed quality of ruminants. However, S. cerevisiae has limited capacity to provide biomass when inoculated with carbon sources and a low ability to produce cellulase enzymes. Here, we hypothesized that yeast in the rumen produces a large amount of biomass and could release cellulase enzymes to break down fiber content. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen, isolate and identify yeast from the rumen fluids of Holstein Friesian steers and measure the efficiency of biomass production and cellulase activity. A fermentation medium containing sugarcane molasses as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source was optimized. Two fistulated–crossbred Holstein Friesian steers averaging 350 ± 20 kg body weight were used to screen and isolate the ruminal yeast. Two experiments were designed: First, a 12 × 3 × 3 factorial was used in a completely randomized design to determine biomass and carboxymethyl cellulase activity. Factor A was the isolated yeast and S. cerevisiae. Factor B was sugarcane molasses (M) concentration. Factor C was urea (U) concentration. In the second experiment, potential yeasts were selected, identified, and analyzed for 7 × 4 factorial use in a completely randomized design. Factor A was the incubation times. Factor B was the isolated yeast strains, including codes H-Khon Kaen University (KKU) 20 (as P. kudriavzevii-KKU20), I-KKU20 (C. tropicalis-KKU20), and C-KKU20 (as Galactomyces sp.-KKU20). Isolation was imposed under aerobic conditions, resulting in a total of 11 different colonies. Two appearances of colonies including asymmetric colonies of isolated yeast (indicated as A, B, C, E, and J) and ovoid colonies (coded as D, F, G, H, I, and K) were noted. Isolated yeast from the rumen capable of providing a high amount of biomass when inoculant consisted of the molasses 15% + urea 3% (M15 + U3), molasses 25% + urea 1% (M25 + U1), molasses 25% + urea 3% (M25 + U3), and molasses 25% + urea 5% (M25 + U5) when compared to the other media solution (p < 0.01). In addition, 11 isolated biomass-producing yeasts were found in the media solution of M25 + U1. There were 4 isolates cellulase producing yeasts discovered in the media solution of M25 + U1 and M25 + U5 whereas molasses 5% + urea 1% (M5 + U1), molasses 5% + urea 3% (M5 + U3), molasses 5% + urea 5% (M5 + U5), molasses 15% + urea 1% (M15 + U1), molasses 15% + urea 3% (M5 + U3), and M25 + U3 were found with 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, and 2 isolates, respectively. Ruminal yeast strains H-KKU20, I-KKU20, and C-KKU20 were selected for their ability to produce biomass. Identification of isolates H-KKU20 and I-KKU20 revealed that those isolates belonged to Pichia kudriavzevii-KKU20 and Candida tropicalis-KKU20 while C-KKU20 was identified as Galactomyces sp.-KKU20. Two strains provided maximum cell growth: P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 (9.78 and 10.02 Log cell/mL) and C. tropicalis-KKU20 (9.53 and 9.6 Log cells/mL) at 60 and 72 h of incubation time, respectively. The highest ethanol production was observed in S. cerevisiae at 76.4, 77.8, 78.5, and 78.6 g/L at 36, 48, 60, and 72 h of incubation time, respectively (p < 0.01). The P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 yielded the least reducing sugar at about 30.6 and 29.8 g/L at 60 and 72 h of incubation time, respectively. The screening and isolation of yeasts from rumen fluids resulted in 11 different yeasts being obtained. The potential yeasts discovered in the rumen fluid of cattle were Pichia kudriavzevii-KKU20, Candida tropicalis-KKU20, and Galactomyces sp.-KKU20. P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 had higher results than the other yeasts in terms of biomass production, cellulase enzyme activity, and cell number.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Yeasts from Rumen Fluids for Potential Use as Additives in Ruminant Feeding

Suntara

Cherdthong

Wanapat

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Yeast supplementation also positively affects the feed intake and digestion process in the rumen [18]. Several studies indicate that yeast-fermented products can replace the conventional protein sources e.g., soybean meal, up to 75% in concentrate ration, which improves rumen fermentation and dry matter intake [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Yeast-Fermented Citrus Pulp as a Protein Source on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and In Situ Digestion Kinetics in Nili Ravi Buffalo Bulls

Awais

Sharif

Ashfaq

et al. 2021

Animals

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A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of single cell protein (SCP) supplement as a protein source on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and in situ digestion kinetics in four Nili Ravi buffalo bulls. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous concentrates containing 3, 6, 9 and 12% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-fermented citrus pulp were formulated. All animals were fed a ration with a concentrate/forage ratio of 50:50. Diets were provided ad libitum twice a day as a total mixed ration in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. Each experimental period lasted 3 weeks while the overall study 12 weeks. The first 2 weeks of each experimental period were used as adaptation period while the third week as collection period. Chemical composition of fermented citrus pulp appeared as an excellent source of protein. No significant difference was observed on dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients and SCP among all the treatments. Moreover, no significant effect was observed on ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen at different times. Rate of disappearance and lag time of in situ dry matter digestion kinetics remained nonsignificant regardless of SCP percentage. Based on results of similar nutrients intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal parameters it is concluded that SCP could be used in the concentrate diet of ruminant up to 12%. Furthermore, the SCP has the potential of an alternative protein source in animal diet formulation.

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“…On the other hand, it has been shown that feeding fermented cassava pulp improves rumen fermentation. Bacterial and fungal zoospore populations in the rumen of crossbred Native cattle increased when fed with yeast-fermented cassava pulp (Khampa et al 2011). Ammonia concentration in the rumen which is a nitrogen source for microbes increased with urea addition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of fermented cassava pulp with different types of supplements

Pilajun

Wanapat

2016

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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The effect of different additives on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and dry matter (DM) disappearance of cassava pulp was investigated. The experiment used the completely randomized design with 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with control. The control treatment was cassava pulp fermentation without any supplementation. Factor A was a type of microbes including yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or a mixture of microbes (effective microorganisms (EM)), factor B was supplementation of molasses and urea (MU), and factor C was supplementation of a mixture of exogenous enzyme. It was found that the interaction between factors A and C was significant for crude protein (CP), non-protein nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents. MU supplementation increased the CP content of fermented cassava pulp; however, EM and MU addition resulted in a significantly lower NSC and higher neutral detergent fibre fractions than the control. The supplementation showed higher gas production when compared with un-supplemented group, particularly when MU were added. However, DM disappearance was not affected by type of microbe, urea-molasses addition or exogenous enzyme supplement. Thus, the nutritive value of fermented cassava pulp with yeast and EM was improved by MU supplementation but not by exogenous enzyme addition.

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Enrichment Value of Yeast-malate Fermented Cassava Pulp and Cassava Hay as Protein Source Replace Soybean Meal in Concentrate on Rumen Ecology in Crossbred Native Cattle

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Yeasts from Rumen Fluids for Potential Use as Additives in Ruminant Feeding

Isolation and Characterization of Yeasts from Rumen Fluids for Potential Use as Additives in Ruminant Feeding

Effect of Yeast-Fermented Citrus Pulp as a Protein Source on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and In Situ Digestion Kinetics in Nili Ravi Buffalo Bulls

Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of fermented cassava pulp with different types of supplements

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