Enrichment of soil organic carbon in the eroded sediments due to the simultaneous occurrence of rain and wind

Mahmoodabadi, Majid; Zamani, Samira; Yazdanpanah, Najme

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114926

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The special feature of this WT was that a rain simulator was installed, which could generate rain intensities from 20 to 200 mm h −1 . This WT was used to study the simultaneous effect of wind and rain and to measure and model soil loss [27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previous studies have shown, designs often vary depending on the area of application. The construction methods differ primarily regarding closed constructions or open constructions, the size of the test-and cross-sections and the flow speeds achieved [20,21,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. The following requirements were predefined for the design of our WT:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Mobile Module-Based Wind Tunnel for the Determination of Collection Efficiencies of Particulate Matter on Surface Structures

et al. 2021

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Ambient air pollutants are a global public health problem accounting for millions of annual deaths. A mobile module-based wind tunnel (WT) was developed to investigate the interaction between airborne particulate matter and various surface structures. The external dimensions were 4.33 m × 1.96 m × 1.73 m (lwh). The tunnel provided a cross-section of 0.40 m × 1.10 m (wh) and a total volume of 2.84 m3. An exchangeable test section in the WT offered a vertical area of one square meter to introduce variable installations. Due to the modular design, the WT could be divided into seven segments. This enables flexibility in setting, easy transport and set up at different locations. Atmospheric parameters (temperature, humidity, flow speeds and flow directions) were measured. At the test section, determined flow speeds ranged from 0.3 to 2.6 m s−1, with turbulence intensities detected between 9% and 11% and Reynold numbers from 10,000 to 90,000. Losses of ambient PM within the blank tunnel were less than 10% for particle counts (>0.25 µm), while smaller losses were obtained for PM1 and PM2.5. Thus, the construction, performance, as well as the limitations and various possible applications of the WT are shown in this article.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Mobile Module-Based Wind Tunnel for the Determination of Collection Efficiencies of Particulate Matter on Surface Structures

et al. 2021

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“…Xing et al (2016) andWu, Qiao, et al (2018b) demonstrated that increasing rainfall intensity generally increases runoff, sediment yield and N and P loss rates Mahmoodabadi et al (2021). also found that gully erosion rates and SOC loss increased with high rain intensities and wind velocities.When the rainfall intensity was constant, the loss of different forms of N and P associated with runoff on slopes showed a trend of windward > crosswind > windless > leeward, because the hydrological process of the slope surface water flow was changed by wind in different directions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This causes raindrops to separate the soil particles on a slope at different angles and intensities and then differentiates the separation and transport process of the soil particles by sheet flow (Kalehhouei et al, 2023). The key factors for quantifying and controlling the force of raindrops on soil particles include wind speed, wind direction and rainfall intensity (Mahmoodabadi et al, 2021). Erpul et al (2003) further determined WDR splashed particles with horizontal wind velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m s À1 at both windward and leeward slopes of 7%, 15% and 20%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wind and rain usually occur simultaneously, creating wind‐driven rain (WDR; Erpul et al, 2021). WDR affects dissolution, migration and redistribution processes of soil nutrients along with runoff and sediment by changing the splash and surface erosion, and slope hydrological characteristics (Mahmoodabadi et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2019). Therefore, evaluating the characteristics of runoff, sediment yield and nutrient loss in wind‐driven rainfall events on slopes is relevant to enrich soil erosion theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil erosion and nutrient loss due to changes in rainfall intensity under different wind directions

Chen

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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In nature, wind often occurs simultaneously with rainfall, causing nutrient loss in soil and water on slopes. However, the influence of different rainfall intensities combined with different wind directions on soil erosion and nutrient loss remains unclear. This study utilized wind‐driven rainfall laboratory flume experiments to analyse the influence of different wind directions (windward, leeward and crosswind) and rainfall intensities (30, 60 and 90 mm h−1) with constant wind speed (5 m s−1) on slope runoff, sediment yield and the associated losses of different forms of N ( , ) and P ( ‐P). The response of soil erosion, N and P loss to rainfall changes with different wind directions. When the rainfall intensity was constant, runoff, sediment yield and sediment‐associated total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) losses on slopes showed a trend of leeward > crosswind > windless > windward, whereas runoff‐associated TN and TP losses showed a trend of windward > crosswind > windless > leeward. Runoff, sediment yield and sediment‐associated TN and TP losses on leeward slopes were 1.09–1.17, 1.25–1.44, 1.33–1.62, and 1.40–1.66 times than windless slopes. Moreover, with constant wind direction, the runoff, sediment yield and associated N and P losses increased significantly with increasing rainfall intensity. When the rainfall intensity increased from 30 to 60 and 90 mm h−1, the runoff, sediment yield and associated TN and TP losses increased 2.02–2.28, 3.65–5.35, 3.96–34.39 and 4.28–8.45 times, respectively. The effects of rainfall on soil erosion and nutrient loss were significantly greater than those of wind. The loss of different forms of N and P associated with runoff and sediment was consistent with that of TN and TP losses. However, with an increase in rainfall intensity, the growth rates of runoff, sediment yield and associated N and P losses exhibited a gradually weakening trend for all wind directions. An increase in rainfall intensity enhanced the vertical vector force of wind‐driven rainfall, which increasingly decreased the angle between the rain incidence and the normal line of the horizon; therefore, the direction of the rain erosion force gradually approached that of windless conditions.

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Dynamics of soil organic carbon in different-sized aggregates under splash erosion

et al. 2022

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Enrichment of soil organic carbon in the eroded sediments due to the simultaneous occurrence of rain and wind

Cited by 11 publications

References 75 publications

Development of a Mobile Module-Based Wind Tunnel for the Determination of Collection Efficiencies of Particulate Matter on Surface Structures

Development of a Mobile Module-Based Wind Tunnel for the Determination of Collection Efficiencies of Particulate Matter on Surface Structures

Soil erosion and nutrient loss due to changes in rainfall intensity under different wind directions

Dynamics of soil organic carbon in different-sized aggregates under splash erosion

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