Enrichment of sn-2 position of hazelnut oil with palmitic acid: Optimization by response surface methodology

Turan, Dilek; Şahin‐Yeşilçubuk, Neşe; Akoh, Casimir C.

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2012.07.009

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The melting range was narrower for SL than enriched hazelnut oil. The final product again showed lower oxidative stability and tocopherol content than the original oil [80].…”

Section: Lcpufa-enriched Hmfsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…DHA incorporation was 15.4% and 5.1% at sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions, respectively. Turan et al [80] also produced HMFS containing LCPUFAs (DHA from DHASCO and ARA from ARASCO) using hazelnut oil as substrate and Lipozyme RM IM as biocatalyst. The reaction took place at 60 °C and the ARASCO/DHASCO ratio was 3:2, whereas the substrate molar ratio was 1:0.1.…”

Section: Lcpufa-enriched Hmfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biotechnological and Novel Approaches for Designing Structured Lipids Intended for Infant Nutrition

Şahin‐Yeşilçubuk

Akoh²

2017

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Human milk fat (HMF) is a perfect nutritional source that includes all the required ingredients which are necessary for the growth of infants up to 6 months. Although its composition may differ among mothers or during lactation stage, its unique triacylglycerol (TAG) structure remains constant which is characterized by the presence of palmitic acid (PA) at the sn‐2 position. Previous reports provided convincing information of higher PA and calcium absorption and efficient use of dietary energy when at this specific position in the TAG moiety than when PA is at the sn‐1,3 positions. During the design of structured lipids (SLs) intended for infant nutrition, this unique property is taken into consideration. Human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) enriched with important fatty acids such as omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids are intended to better mimic the functions of HMF as well as provide associated health benefits. The use of microencapsulation technology and novel technologies such as ultrasound technology in conjunction with SL production and enzyme‐catalyzed reactions are evolving and ongoing issues in infant formula production. Therefore, further studies should be directed towards new process improvements in order to increase the functional properties and oxidative stabilities of HMFS. Novel technologies in lipid biotechnology related to HMFS preparation should also be explored.

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“…The melting range was narrower for SL than enriched hazelnut oil. The final product again showed lower oxidative stability and tocopherol content than the original oil [80].…”

Section: Lcpufa-enriched Hmfsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Lcpufa-enriched Hmfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological and Novel Approaches for Designing Structured Lipids Intended for Infant Nutrition

Şahin‐Yeşilçubuk

Akoh²

2017

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Analysis of the position distribution of fatty acids, also known as stereospecific analysis, was conducted through a lipolysis reaction using lipase with specific activity at sn-1 and sn-3 of the triglyceride structure. The enzyme used was a lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus, based on a method that was used by Turan, et al [14] with some modification. The fatty acids at positions sn-1 and sn-3 were determined by Equation (1) as follows:…”

Section: Composition and Position Distribution Of Fatty Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Structured Triglycerides Based on Canarium Oil for Food Application

Sitompul

Gusdinar

Anggadiredja

et al. 2018

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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This paper concerns the synthesis of structured triglycerides containing different proportions and positions from medium-(M) and long-chain (L) fatty acids on a glycerol backbone. Structured triglycerides of MLM type were synthesized by utilizing canarium oil and incorporating caprylic acid (C8:0) as a source for the medium chain (M) fatty acids. Synthesis was performed through a two-step enzymatic reaction, with ethanolysis as the first step and esterification as the second step. Both reactions use the sn-1,3 specific lipase as a catalyst, which has specific activity at positions sn-1 and sn-3 of the triglyceride structure. The results from high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids in the structured triglyceride was 29.52±0.59 and 44.28±0.88 mol% of caprylic acid in the positions of sn-1,2,3 and sn-1,3, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of the physicochemical properties of both the native canarium oil and the structured triglycerides using an independent-sample t-test at p < 0.05 indicated that the two samples were significantly different for saponification number, iodium number, and average molecular weight. The results of this study showed that canarium oil can be exploited as a starting material for functional food application.

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“…Similar studies have been conducted to incorporate palmitic acid in vegetables oils. Hazelnut oil was previously enriched with palmitic acid or ethyl palmitate to produce HMF substitute [7]. At the milligram scale, reaction under optimal conditions produced SL with 48.60 mol % palmitic acid of which 35.50 % was located at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SLs are generally produced by chemically and/or enzymatically modifying the structure of naturally occurring lipids to alter or increase their health, functional or nutritional values [6]. Previously, amaranth oil, hazelnut oil, tuna oil, and palm stearin have all been enriched to produce SLs rich in palmitic acid at the sn-2 position [7][8][9][10], however, the overall amount of research devoted to the enrichment of vegetable oils or other fats with palmitic acid is very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of Refined Olive Oil with Palmitic and Docosahexaenoic Acids to Produce a Human Milk Fat Analogue

Pande

Sabir

et al. 2014

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Refined olive oil was enriched with palmitic acid (PA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) via lipasecatalyzed acidolysis reaction using Novozym 435 in hexane. The enrichment reaction was optimized by response surface methodology. Three independent variables, reaction time (12, 18, and 24 h), temperature (55, 60, and 65°C), and substrate molar ratio (refined olive oil:DHA single cell oil free fatty acid:PA 1:1:6, 1:1:9, and 1:1:12) and three responses, total PA and DHA incorporation, and PA content at the sn-2 position were investigated. Results showed that PA was incorporated into the triacylglycerols(TAGs) of refined olive oil at up to 55.79 mol % while incorporation of PA at the sn-2 position and total DHA were found to be up to 33.63 and 3.54 mol %, respectively. Second-order models were generated for each of the three responses. A Chi-square test verified that the predicted values from the models were not significantly different from the observed ones. The prediction power of the models was further confirmed by a solvent-free scale-up reaction. The produced structured lipids have the potential to be used in infant formula.

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Enrichment of sn-2 position of hazelnut oil with palmitic acid: Optimization by response surface methodology

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Biotechnological and Novel Approaches for Designing Structured Lipids Intended for Infant Nutrition

Biotechnological and Novel Approaches for Designing Structured Lipids Intended for Infant Nutrition

Synthesis of Structured Triglycerides Based on Canarium Oil for Food Application

Enrichment of Refined Olive Oil with Palmitic and Docosahexaenoic Acids to Produce a Human Milk Fat Analogue

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