Enrichment of Mango Fruit Leathers with Natal Plum (Carissa macrocarpa) Improves Their Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Properties

Abstract

Natal plum fruit (Carissa macrocarpa) is indigenous to South Africa and a rich source of cyanidin derivatives. Indigenous fruits play a major role in food diversification and sustaining food security in the Southern African region. Agro-processing of indigenous are practiced adopted by the rural African communities in order to reduce the postharvest wastage of fruit commodities. In the current study, Natal plum was added to mango pulp at different ratios (mango and Natal plum (5:1, 3:1, 2:1)) to develop a healthy-functional snack (fruit leather). The effects of added Natal plum on the availability of antioxidant constituents and in vitro antioxidant properties of a mango-based fruit leather were evaluated by comparing with mango fruit leather. Fruit leather containing mango and Natal plum (2:1) retained the highest content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, cyanidin- 3-O-β-sambubioside, epicatechin, apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl glucoside, catechin, quinic, and chlorogenic acids, and in vitro antioxidant activity. Proximate analysis showed that 100 g of fruit leather (2:1) contained 63.51 g carbohydrate, 40.85 g total sugar, 0.36 g fat, and 269.88 cal. Therefore, enrichment of mango fruit leather with Natal plum (2:1) increases its phytochemical content and dietary phytochemical intake, especially for school children and adolescents.

Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Carissa macrocarpa, F. Apocyanaceae

“…It was introduced into the United States in 1886 by the horticulturist [3]. Carissa macrocarpa commonly known as Natal plum, native to the coastal region of Natal, South Africa and consumed as edible fruits [4]. The plant also cultivated in Egypt El-Orman garden and grows as a shrub (3-4 m height).…”

Phytochemicals, bioactivity, and ethnopharmacological potential of selected indigenous plants

“…54 A recent study reported that incorporation of C. macrocarpa fruit into mango fruit pulp affords functional food possessing betterquality dietary phytochemical content and nutritional value. 56 In consideration of the utilisation of C. macrocarpa as an agricultural resource, crude phenolic and terpenoid extracts of the leaves, administered at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, demonstrated significant in vitro inhibition of Aphis fabae (a devastating bean pest). Accordingly, the leaf extracts can act as a natural pesticide alternative to petroleumbased synthetic pesticides.…”

“…The fresh pulp, as a tradition, is processed into juice, jam, marmalade, puddings, and porridge, or sundried for storage. 56 Diverse parts of V. infausta are used in the traditional treatment of various kinds of diseases and health disorders, as summarised in Table 1.…”

Pengolahan Fruit Leather Mangga Golek Di Desa Mornaten, Kecamatan Taniwel Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat

“…Produk ini tinggi serat dan karbohidrat, namun rendah lemak. Teksturnya kenyal, rasanya enak, dan dapat dikonsumsi sebagai camilan manis (Mphaphuli et al, 2020). Fruit leather memiliki kelebihan, yaitu masa simpannya cukup lama, mudah untuk dibuat, dan nilai gizi yang terkandung didalam produk ini tidak banyak berubah (Tondang et al,…”